**8. Conclusions**

Wireless communication protocol plays key role for reliable transmission between the sensor nodes and cloud server in IoT. LoRa is one of the prominent and emergen<sup>t</sup> wireless communication that meet the requirements of IoT in terms of minimum power consumption and long-range transmission. In this paper, we implemented the LoRaWAN architecture for the realizing of the real-time filling level of the bins with customized nodes. LoRa-based customized sensor nodes are deployed in the bins for establishing energy efficient nodes for transmitting the collected sensor data to the cloud server. FLoRa simulation based on LoRaWAN is performed for evaluating the energy consumption of the nodes by varying distinct parameters and also evaluated the metrics of LoRa network with plots. Finally, to show real application, an experimental set up is implemented for checking the performance of the proposed LoRa architecture for sensing the level of the bins in real-time scenario and logging the status of each of the bins in the cloud server.

**Author Contributions:** S.V.A. and R.S. made contributions to conception and manuscript writing; A.G. and M.A.A. examined and supervised this research and outcomes; O.S.F., M.R., W.E.-S., and D.P. revised and polished the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This study was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/98), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
