*3.2. Nutritional Value and Minerals Content*

The total nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl method, according to ISO 20,483 [71], and was used to calculate protein content (P) by multiplying by a nitrogen conversion factor equaling 5.09. The ash content was determined according to ISO 2171 [72] and the total fat content (F) was determined according to AACC 30-25.01 [73]. The moisture content was analyzed according to AACC 44-19.01 [74]. The content of dietary fiber (TDF), both soluble (SDF) and insoluble (IDF), was determined by the enzymatic method in accordance with the AOAC 991.43 method [75]. The proximate carbohydrate content (C) was estimated by subtracting the total ash, fat, fiber, protein, and moisture content from 100%. Moreover, the energy value (EV) was calculated with the following formula [76]:
