*Article* **Green Synthesis of Fe–Cu Bimetallic Supported on Alginate-Limestone Nanocomposite for the Removal of Drugs from Contaminated Water**

**Inas A. Ahmed 1,\* , Hala. S. Hussein <sup>2</sup> , Zeid A. ALOthman <sup>3</sup> , Abdullah G. ALanazi 3, Norah Salem Alsaiari <sup>4</sup> and Awais Khalid <sup>5</sup>**


**Abstract:** In this study Fe–Cu supported on Alginate-limestone (Fe–Cu/Alg–LS) was prepared. The increase in surface area was the main motivation for the synthesis of ternary composites. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine the surface morphology, particle size, percentage of crystallinity, and elemental content of the resultant composite. Fe–Cu/Alg–LS was used as an adsorbent for the removal of drugs such as ciprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LEV)from contaminated medium. The adsorption parameters were computed using kinetic and isotherm models. The maximum removal efficiency of CIP (20 ppm) and LEV (10 ppm) was found to be 97.3% and 100%, respectively. The optimal conditions were pH 6 and 7 for CIP and LEV, optimum contact time 45, 40 min for CIP and LEV, and temperature of 303 K. The pseudo-second-order model, which confirmed the chemisorption properties of the process, was the most appropriate kinetic model among the ones used, and the Langmuir model, which was the most appropriate isotherm model. Moreover, the parameters of thermodynamics were also assessed. The results imply that the synthesized nanocomposites can be used to remove hazard materials from aqueous solutions.

**Keywords:** ciprofloxacin (CIP); levofloxacin (LEV); bimetallic; limestone; alginate; adsorption
