**4. Conclusions**

Eight LED lights influenced the growth and development, and morphological features of somatic embryos of *F. cirrhosa* D. Don. Embryogenic calli exposed to different LED lights developed somatic embryos in different developmental stages from early globular to mature SEs with cotyledonary leaves. The average number of somatic embryos that developed varied depending upon the wavelength of light emitted by the LEDs. The maximum number of SEs was recorded under red light spectra, followed by infrared and a combination of red/blue/infrared light spectra, respectively. Concerning alkaloids, the most significant effects were recorded with red and infrared light spectra in which peimisine, peimine, and peiminine were recorded. Sipeimine was not detected in any culture. Results obtained in the study indicate that red and infrared light spectra may be useful to obtain peimisine, peimine, and peiminine from callus cultures of *F. cirrhosa* D. Don. However, further research is needed to boost the quantities of these compounds in cultures and also for optimization to scale up production in bioreactors for commercial feasibility. Further research is also required for the optimization of large qualities of bulblet production in cultures. The production of important and precious alkaloids under a laboratory set up may reduce our dependence on natural materials from the wild and may help in the conservation of vulnerable plant species, such as *F. cirrhosa* D. Don.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, H.-C.C.; methodology, C.-C.C. and H.-J.K.; software, C.-C.C. and H.-J.K.; validation, H.-S.T., C.-R.W. and M.-R.L.; formal analysis, H.-C.C.; investigation, C.-C.C.; resources, H.-C.C. and H.-M.X.; data curation, H.-C.C.; writing—Original draft preparation, D.C.A.; writing—Review and editing, D.C.A. and H.-C.C.; visualization, C.-C.C.; supervision, H.-C.C.; project administration, H.-C.C.; funding acquisition, H.-C.C. All authors have read and agreed to publish this version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan. Grant numbers 106-2313-B-324-001-MY2, 108-2313-B-324-001, and 109-2628-B-324 -001.

**Acknowledgments:** Financial support by the Ministry of Science and Technology, grant number 106-2313-B-324-001-MY2, 108-2313-B-324-001, and 109-2628-B-324 -001 is gratefully acknowledged.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that they have no competing interests among them.
