*2.6. Chlorophyll Quantification*

Chlorophyll was extracted and quantified according to a previous method [18]. The chlorophyll and anthocyanin extractions were made using leaves different from the ones used for the terpene quantifications. The leaf position (e.g., lighting) alters the chlorophyll contents. Therefore, to minimize the errors among the analyses, we carefully harvested and chose the second and third leaves with similar sizes for terpene or chlorophyll measurement. Briefly, weighed leaf samples were placed into 2 mL of pure N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF; FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) at 4 ◦C in darkness overnight. The absorbance values at 647 and 664 nm of the aliquot of the extracted solution were measured using a spectrophotometer (U-5100, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). DMF was used as the blank control. The total amount of chlorophyll was calculated based on the following equation [18]: Chl a + b = 17.67 ∗ A<sup>647</sup> + 7.12 ∗ A664.
