*3.11. Statistical Analysis and Calculations*

Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.4.2.679 (San Diego, MO, USA). Data of each spatial replication were tested for normality via Anderson-Darling, D'Agostino and Pearson, Shapiro–Wilk test, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. If normality test failed, outliers were identified via ROUT method (Q = 10%) and removed to establish

normality of all data sets. The means of each spatial replication (*n* = 4) were tested for normality with the Shapiro–Wilk test, and all data sets passed the normality test at α = 0.05. Finally, all data sets were statistically analyzed using a Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA test due to unequal variances between treatments. Multiple comparisons were conducted via Dunnett T3. Two-tailed Pearson correlation between biomasses and DLIs was calculated after first computing means of 18 replicates per spatially independent light treatment and then analyzing those means (*n* = 12). Biomass efficacies (g or mg kWh−<sup>1</sup> m<sup>2</sup> ) were calculated based on electricity consumed within a square meter during the cultivation period.
