*4.4. Identification of Saponarin and Policosanol Biosynthetic-Related Genes*

In general, flavone/flavonoid and long-chain fatty alcohol (or primary alcohol) biosynthesis pathways comprised of one or more enzymes and their information in barley are limited. Hence, the gene names and sequence information of other crops were searched for sequence homologies to unearth orthologous transcripts (full and partial) in *Hordeum vulgare* and *Triticum asetivum* species. The gene sequences were retrieved from NCBI Gene [43], PlantsDB [44], and GrainGenes [45] databases. For annotation, potential orthologous gene sequences were searched for the presence of conserved domains using the NCBI Conserved Domains [46] database. Transcripts encoding for flavone/flavonoid-related—UDP-Glc: *OGT1*, flavone synthase II (*FNSII*), and chalcone synthase 1 (*CHS1*)—and fatty alcohol-related—fatty acyl-CoA reductase 2 (*FAR2*), *FAR3*, *FAR4*, *FAR5*, and *FAR6* biosynthesis were identified in barley. The designated gene sequences are listed in Table S1, which were utilized in primer synthesis for qRT-PCR-based gene expression profiling.
