**LED Lights A**ff**ecting Morphogenesis and Isosteroidal Alkaloid Contents in** *Fritillaria cirrhosa* **D. Don—An Important Chinese Medicinal Herb**

**Chia-Chen Chen <sup>1</sup> , Maw-Rong Lee <sup>2</sup> , Chi-Rei Wu <sup>1</sup> , Hsin-Ju Ke <sup>2</sup> , Hui-Min Xie <sup>3</sup> , Hsin-Sheng Tsay <sup>4</sup> , Dinesh Chandra Agrawal 4,\* and Hung-Chi Chang 5,\***


Received: 12 August 2020; Accepted: 7 October 2020; Published: 13 October 2020

**Abstract:** Investigations were carried out to study the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) lights on growth and development of isosteroidal alkaloids in embryogenic calli of *Fritillaria cirrhosa* D. Don, an important traditional Chinese medicine herb. Calli were cultured in glass bottles, each containing 100 mL of Murashige and Skoog's basal medium supplemented with 2% sucrose and 0.4% gellan gum powder, a gelling agent. These bottles were incubated in a specially designed plant growth chamber equipped with eight different LED lights consisting of single or combinations of four different light spectra emitting blue (450 nm), green (525 nm), red (660 nm), and far-red (730 nm) light. After three months of incubation, morphological changes in embryogenic calli were recorded, and LC-MS/MS analysis of cultures was carried out for peimisine, sipeimine, peiminine, and peimine. The highest number of somatic embryos and the maximum fresh weight was recorded in calli incubated under red (9R), infrared (9IR), and a combination of red+blue+infrared (3R3B3IR), respectively, in decreasing order. The highest contents of peimisine, peiminine, and peimine were recorded under red (9R) and infrared (9IR) lights, respectively. Eight LED lights had significant effects on the morphogenesis of embryogenic calli of *F. cirrhosa* D. Don and contents of isosteroidal alkaloids.

**Keywords:** *Fritillaria cirrhosa* D. Don; alkaloid content; callus; in vitro culture; LED lights; light intensity
