3.1.3. Price

In 2019, overall, the mean price of PL products was statistically significantly lower than the mean price of BL products. There were also statistically significant differences in mean price between PL and BL products for 11 of the 16 food categories where it was possible to compare price. Mean prices of savoury biscuits, sweet biscuits, other breads, breakfast cereals, cereal bars, canned fish, canned fruit, canned vegetables, savoury spreads and dips, peanut butter and other nut-based spreads and crisps and salty snacks were significantly lower for PL options than BL options. There were no significant differences in mean price between PL and BL products for the other food categories assessed (Table 4).

**Table 4.** Mean (SD) price (in New Zealand dollars) between branded label and private label products by food category and overall, 2019.


