**5. Conclusions**

Nutrition information was available for one-third of products of major fast-food chains in New Zealand, limiting the generalizability of findings for the whole NZ fast food supply. Among products with information available, the majority had a high median content of energy and sodium. Some fast-food product categories had a high median content of sugar and saturated fat. Many serving sizes were large and varied considerably within a category. The majority of fast-food combo meals/serving provided a considerable contribution towards the daily recommended energy intake and the maximum daily sodium and sugar intake recommendations. This is the first comprehensive study of fast-food combo meals in NZ. This research benchmarks the current healthiness of the fast-food supply providing evidence to encourage Government to: (i) develop policy to ensure that NZ fast-food chains make nutrition information on their products readily available and, (ii) implement government-led guidance on serving sizes for fast foods including combos and (iii) set targets for sodium and sugar content, including warning labels for products that exceed such targets.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10 .3390/nu13114010/s1, Table S1: NZ fast food supply 2020, by food category: Minimum and maximum energy, sodium, total sugar and saturated fat content per serving and percentage contribution to recommended daily intakes of energy, sodium, sugar and saturated fat, Table S2: NZ fast food supply 2020, by meal combo: Minimum and maximum energy, sodium, total sugar and saturated fat content per serving and percentage contribution to recommended daily intakes of energy, sodium, sugar and saturated fat.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, S.M., T.G.d.C., C.N.M., H.E. and L.Y.; methodology, T.G.d.C., S.M. and H.E.; formal analysis, T.G.d.C., S.M. and G.S.; writing—original draft preparation, S.M.; T.G.d.C. and G.S.; writing—review and editing, S.M., T.G.d.C., C.N.M., H.E., G.S. and L.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) funded Centre of Research Excellence in Reducing Salt Intake using Food Policy Interventions (APP1117300). The opinions, analysis and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the NHMRC. The Nutritrack data collections and database are funded by a Health Research Council of New Zealand program grant (18/672).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Because of the commercial and legal restrictions to the use of copyrighted material, it is not possible to share data openly, but unredacted versions of the dataset are available with a licensed agreement that they will be restricted to non-commercial use. For access to Nutritrack, please contact the National Institute for Health Innovation at the University of Auckland at enquiries@nihi.auckland.ac.nz.

**Acknowledgments:** Thank you to Summer Wright for collecting the data from fast-food chains and Christina Cao for developing the meal combo database.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

## **References**

