*1.4. Research Questions*

Are prebiotics more effective than a control in managing patients with T2D?

What is the comparative effectiveness of prebiotic treatment or treatment with oral antidiabetic agents in patients with T2D?

Aim.

To examine the effect of prebiotics and oral anti-diabetic agents on gut microbiome in patients with T2D.

### **2. Methods**

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension Statement for Reporting of Systematic Reviews Incorporating Network Meta-analyses of Health Care Interventions was used to conduct this systematic review and Network meta-analysis (PRISMA-ES for NMA) [27,28].

Registration: This systematic review and Network meta-analysis protocol was registered with Prospero and the Registration Number was CRD42022352060.

#### *2.1. Studies Included*

Only RCTs were selected for the review.

#### *2.2. Participants of Interest*

Patients with T2D were participants included in the review.

#### *2.3. Types of Interventions*

Pre-biotics and oral anti-diabetic agents were the interventions of choice.
