**5. Limitations and Challenges**

Several questions and issues require investigation studies to further understand the main features of the nanoparticle deposition during the boiling of nanofluids. Hence, the following suggestions and challenges are stated for future work:


ticle deposited layer is affected by the dilatation effect and, under certain conditions, by the formation of a pocket of vapor between the heater and the deposited layer.


should be further explored to obtain the temperature and heat flux distributions of the active nucleation sites. Additionally, more microscopic measurements of the nucleation site should be carried out with the aid of optical profilometry and AFM to determine the shape of the nanoparticle deposited layer underneath the bubbles.

