**3. The Territorial Context of the Case Studies**

The first case is located in an area on the outskirts of major urban centers, in the far east of the province. It is the agricultural initiative Le Grenier boréal (https://grenierboreal. coop/ accessed on 28 June 2021), an agroforestry solidarity cooperative located in the municipality of Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan in Quebec's Côte-Nord region. Founded as a result of citizen mobilization, this social economy enterprise, which has transformed an abandoned military site (tests have been conducted in order to ensure that there is no contamination) into agricultural land, relies on traditional resources and know-how as well as innovative methods in order to produce fruits, vegetables and herbs. The second study presents the case of a social enterprise (albeit private) of urban agriculture located in the metropolitan area of Montreal, thus in a central region and in a global city. This is the enterprise Les Fermes Lufa (https://montreal.lufa.com/fr/ accessed on 28 June 2021), or Lufa Farms, in English. In this project, actors mobilize innovative technologies to produce fresh food on a large scale in greenhouses located, in some cases, on the roofs of repurposed abandoned buildings.

Despite their significant differences, each of these two cases features actions showing autonomy-oriented responses to problems that, being different, have a common cause: an extractivist food system that, by decoupling the locations of production and consumption, in order to maximize the economic profitability of the capital invested, has compromised both the health of citizens and the ecological balance.
