*3.2. El-Beheira*

Table 3 depicts the water profitability analysis conducted for El-Beheira from the collected forms in the governorate. The analysis was conducted for nine main crops: wheat, sugar beet, broad bean, clover, rice, maize, watermelon pulp, tomato, and cotton. Regarding total costs per feddan, tomato was the highest followed by cotton, and the lowest was broad bean. Total revenue was highest for cotton and tomato and lowest for maize. For the net return per feddan, watermelon pulp was the highest 19,391 EGP/feddan and the lowest was maize at 10,799 L.E/feddan. Furthermore, rice was found to be the most waterintensive crop, followed by maize. Finally, for water profitability, watermelon pulp was the most profitable at 13.47 EGP/m<sup>3</sup> followed by broad bean at 12.96 EGP/m3, while maize was the least water-profitable crop at 1.71 EGP/m3.

Figure 3 shows the water profitability for the selected crops in the El-Beheira governorate calculated using the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation–Economic Affairs Sector's Agricultural Statistics Bulletin for 2019 and data from the Land and Water Research Institute's Water Standards Department compared to results calculated from the collected forms/study. Moreover, the water profitability values gathered from the collected forms are significantly higher than those from the Bulletin and Water Standards Department. This is reflected in ground farmers' information and local conditions. This analysis shows the potential of cotton and wheat in El-Beheira.

**Figure 3.** Water profitability for El-Beheira Governorate from Bulletin data compared to collected forms. Source: In blue, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation–Economic Affairs Sector's Agricultural Statistics Bulletin for 2019 and Land and Water Research Institute–Water Standards Department's unpublished data. In gray are the in-person forms collected in 2020.


**Table 3.** Water Profitability Analysis for El-Beheira Governorate in 2020, source: field data collected from farmers and verified by workshops.
