*2.3. Estimation of Seed Requirement*

Using the satellite-derived agriculture mask data from National Remote Sensing Centre (NSRC), India and data on net area sown for rice during the *Kharif* season collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Family Welfare, Government of India, the following estimation method was developed to derive the seed requirement for the districts of 17 Indian states.

The estimation of flood-affected *Kharif* paddy area was performed using the combined data on flood inundation and land-use data. Firstly, using the district-level land-use data from 2000–2014, an average percentage of the *Kharif*-paddy sown area as a percentage total net sown area was estimated. From the time series data on flood inundation, the average agricultural flooded area from the year 2001 to 2018 was estimated. Finally, assuming the proportion of flood affected area that is under paddy to be the same as the proportion of net sown area under paddy, we derive the extent of flood-affected *Kharif*-paddy area in each district. From these district-wise estimations of the flood-affected paddy area and using the average seed rates in each state, we estimate the requirement for flood-tolerant seeds that will be required if we want to provide entire flood-affected paddy areas with Swarna Sub1. Further the estimations were also extended to calculate the cost for procuring the required amount of SS1 seeds at the rate of 40 INR per kg (this is the average cost of procuring SS1 seeds in India).
