*2.3. Climatic Trend Analysis*

The non-parametric Mann Kendall (MK) test [47] was used to determine the significance of the climate trends, because the climatic data were not independent and normally distributed. The seasonal trends for Tmin, Tmax and Rainfall during the growing period with yield data were determined using a linear regression model. The free and open software package developed by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (MAKESENS) (https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/makesens) was used for the Mann Kendall (MK) test and Sen's slope estimator. The Sen's slope estimator allows for the significance of the trend to be analyzed. The MK test is robust, simple and frequently used in climate, environmental and hydrological studies [13,48–51]. The Sen's slope is a robust estimate of the underlying trend.
