*2.8. LIVE–DEAD Assays*

To further investigate the antibacterial ability of the drug, we conducted LIVE–DEAD assays. Log-phase *S. aureus* cultures were inoculated (1:40) in medium containing MoS2- Van-FITC (100 μg/mL), MoS2 (100 μg/mL), or Van (1 μg/mL) and incubated in a shaking incubator at 37◦C for 12 h. The irradiation power density was 1.5 W/cm2, and the irradiation time was 300 s. Thereafter, the cells were stained with SYTO9 and propidium iodide for 30 min in the dark, washed twice with PBS, and red and green channels were examined under a fluorescence microscope. The number of non-viable bacterial cells was determined by the CytoFLEX system (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) [2,39].

## *2.9. Cell Integrity Assays*

Log-phase *S. aureus* cultures were treated with different concentrations (25, 50, 100 μg/mL) of MoS2-Van-FITC NPs. Van (1 μg/mL) and MoS2 (100 μg/mL) served as the controls. The PBS-treated group served as the blank. The irradiation power density was 1.5 W/cm2, and the irradiation time was 6 min. The cells were collected by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for

10 min, washed twice with PBS, and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde at 4 ◦C for 12 h. The cells were subjected to gradient dehydration with different concentrations of ethanol (35%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 95%, 100%) for 20 min each time and then placed into acetone [40,41]. The specimens were observed under a scanning electron microscope.

#### *2.10. Establishment of the Wound Mice Model*

Kunming female mice (~25 g body weight; 4–5 weeks old) were obtained from the Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University (Nanjing, China) and housed under standard environmental conditions (temperature, 22 ± 3 ◦C; humidity, 55 ± 5%; 12-h dark/12-h light cycles). All animals were housed according to the guidelines in the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals". All animal studies were approved by Suzhou University (Suzhou, China) (approval number: 202010A415). After 7 days of acclimatization, an oval wound of approximately 1.5 cm in length was made by shaving the back of each mouse under anesthesia and adding 100 μL of activated *S. aureus* cells (1 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL) dropwise to each wound for two consecutive days. The wound was treated after inflammation [14,42].
