*3.3. Data Source*

Most of the data in China's input-output table, the energy consumption data in China's energy statistical yearbook, and CO2 emission data in the CEADs database are required in the model. Based on these data, the study compiles a social accounting matrix and energy balance table. The paper re-classifies the sectors, as presented in Table 2.


**Table 2.** Sector classification.

At present, the latest input-output table has been updated to 2020, but we have not adopted it. The main reasons are: (1) The 2020 table is an extended table based on the 2017 table, and there may be a larger difference between the intermediate input value in the table and the actual situation. (2) The year 2020 witnessed the COVID-19 pandemic, so the data on transportation, tourism, and other industries cannot reflect the normal economic operation. Therefore, in order to ensure the reliability of the simulation, we conducted the simulation based on the table in 2018 (there was no input-output table in 2019). In addition, we believe that the epidemic will eventually pass and that society will gradually return to normal. Therefore, it is significantly better to simulate the relationship among industries, households, and government with data in 2018 than with data in 2020.

This paper obtains the physical quantity of energy consumption in various industries through China's energy statistical yearbook. However, the energy consumption data by industry in the China energy statistics yearbook is different from the industrial division in this paper, and the article integrates the sectors. For the sectors that need to be split, this paper separates them through the corresponding input-output coefficient.

Data on carbon emissions. Based on the calculated energy consumption data of reclassified sectors, IPCC's carbon emission calculation references and data, such as the average low calorific value, carbon content per unit calorific value, and carbon oxidation rate, are calculated in this paper through the carbon dioxide emission of these sectors.

Tax and resident income. The cash flow among the government, households, and firms is also simulated in this paper. So, factor income and direct tax are required and derived from the CEIC database (https://www.ceicdata.com/en, accessed on 1 November 2022).

It should be noted that if we have IOT from different regions and some relevant data, after sector adaptation and parameter calibration, the model can be used in any country with data support. However, due to the difference in the industry classification, productivity level, and trade relations in different countries, the results will be very different. Therefore, although the model in this paper can be applied to most countries, the research conclusion can only be considered unchanged.

#### **4. Simulation Results**
