Unpleasant Energy Attitudes

Residents did not give much thought to their attitudes towards energy use nor a sense of responsibility for energy conservation. For example, before the tourism drive, there was no charge for water use in the village. The cost was the main consideration for electricity; an important issue of concern was regarding the use of fire. As the whole village lived in wooden houses, if they were not careful, not only could the wooden houses burn down, but they would also pose a threat to the entire village.

## Simple Energy Behavior

For Ping'an village residents, the energy behavior they showed was generally simple before tourism development, particularly with regard to the use of water and electricity. Even though there were no tariffs imposed on water, and they were less aware of the importance of water as an energy source in the overall ecosystem, they do not waste water because of their thrifty habits. Meanwhile, since water is fundamental in rice cultivation in the terraces, village residents took an active interest in the use of water in the terraces during the different seasons. For example, they created simple water storage facilities at the top of the hill to irrigate the farmland during the dry season to prevent damage to the rice harvest. In addition, the village did not have a unified sewage treatment site, and the sewage generated by living organisms could only be treated through septic tanks built by the villagers themselves. As the residents S16 mentioned in the interviews:

*"Before there was no sewer pipe, we built a septic tank, divided into two to three septic cells. The sewage flowed straight into the septic tank discharge. When it was full, we took it out to water the vegetables."*

#### 4.1.2. Energy Literacy of the Ping'an Village Residents during Tourism Development

Under the influence of tourism, the living standards of the Ping'an village residents have greatly improved, and their awareness and energy consumption are changing. With the development of local tourism, the level of energy literacy of the residents has greatly improved through their daily and continuous tourism practices.
