*Article* **The Effect of Poly (Ethylene glycol) Emulation on the Degradation of PLA/Starch Composites**

**Sarieh Momeni <sup>1</sup> , Erfan Rezvani Ghomi 2,\*, Mohamadreza Shakiba 1,\*, Saied Shafiei-Navid <sup>3</sup> , Majid Abdouss 1,\*, Ashkan Bigham <sup>4</sup> , Fatemeh Khosravi <sup>2</sup> , Zahed Ahmadi <sup>1</sup> , Mehdi Faraji <sup>5</sup> , Hamidreza Abdouss <sup>6</sup> and Seeram Ramakrishna 2,\***


**Abstract:** As a hydrophilic renewable polymer, starch has been widely used in biocompatible plastics as a filler for more than two decades. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG), as a plasticizer, on the physicochemical properties of a hybrid composite polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic starch (TPS). A solvent evaporation process was adopted to gelatinize the starch and disparate PEG contents ranging from 3 to 15 wt.% (with respect to the sample weight) were examined. It was revealed that the increase in the PEG content was accompanied by an increment in the starch gelatinization degree. Referring to the microstructural analyses, the TPS/PLA mixture yielded a ductile hybrid composite with a fine morphology and a uniform phase. Nevertheless, two different solvents, including acetone and ethanol, were used to assess if they had any effect on the hybrid's morphology, tensile strength and thermal properties. It was found that ethanol culminated in a porous hybrid composite with a finer morphology and better starch distribution in the PLA structure than acetone. As the result of PEG addition to the composite, the crystallinity and tensile strength were decreased, whereas the elongation increased. The hydrolytic degradation of samples was assessed under different pH and thermal conditions. Moreover, the microbial degradation of the PLA/TPS hybrid composite containing different PEG molar fractions was investigated in the soil for 45 days. The rate of degradation in both hydrolytic and biodegradation increased in the samples with a higher amount of PEG with ethanol solvent.

**Keywords:** polyethylene glycol; polylactic acid; starch mixture; hydrolytic degradation; biodegradation
