*2.2. Maleinization of Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and Hemp (Cannabis sativa* L.*) Oils*

*2.2. Maleinization of Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Oils*  The same method was used for the maleinization of Brazil nut and hemp seed oil. For this purpose, a round flask with three necks with a capacity of 500 mL was used, where a stirrer was placed in the central neck and used at a speed of 300 rpm. A digital thermometer was placed in the second neck to measure the temperature during the process, and the extraction of samples and the introduction of maleic anhydride was carried out through the third neck. The maleinization ratio used was 2.4:1, following recommendations from previous works [5]. A total of 9 g of maleic anhydride per 100 g of each virgin oil was introduced. During the maleinization process, three temperature stages were used, at 180 °C, 200 °C and 220 °C, and samples were taken every 30 min. Initially, 300 g of oil was introduced into the round flask and when the first temperature of 180 °C was reached, The same method was used for the maleinization of Brazil nut and hemp seed oil. For this purpose, a round flask with three necks with a capacity of 500 mL was used, where a stirrer was placed in the central neck and used at a speed of 300 rpm. A digital thermometer was placed in the second neck to measure the temperature during the process, and the extraction of samples and the introduction of maleic anhydride was carried out through the third neck. The maleinization ratio used was 2.4:1, following recommendations from previous works [5]. A total of 9 g of maleic anhydride per 100 g of each virgin oil was introduced. During the maleinization process, three temperature stages were used, at 180 ◦C, 200 ◦C and 220 ◦C, and samples were taken every 30 min. Initially, 300 g of oil was introduced into the round flask and when the first temperature of 180 ◦C was reached, 1/3 of the quantity of the total amount of maleic anhydride was added. This temperature was maintained for 1 h and increased to repeat the same at 200 ◦C and 220 ◦C. Finally, the

mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. The degree of maleinization of the oil was determined according to ISO 660:2009 using the following expression:

$$Acid\ Value = \frac{56.1 \times c \times V}{m} \tag{1}$$

where *c* is the exact concentration of the KOH standard solution used (mol·L −1 ), *V* the volume of the KOH standard solution used (mL) and *m* the mass analyzed (g).
