**4. Conclusions**

In this paper, we reviewed the latest advancements in mycelium-related research and applications from academia and industry to understand the diversity of perspectives and advancements. The advantages of using mycelium-based materials in the construction industry can incentivise the birth of new protocols, consider waste as a resource, and develop new methodologies to evaluate and assess the impact of the built environment. Thus far, mycelium-based materials have been most successfully implemented at the scale of small commercial products and commodities, with a number of challenges barring the expansion of applications to architecture. Coupling a material such as MBC with appropriate computational design and digital fabrication methods, while also developing mass-production techniques and local material profile strategies, has the potential to successfully scale up architectural applications of mycelium-based materials. The challenges and research gaps we identified are cross-disciplinary in nature and will require a close collaboration on material research, integrated design methods, appropriate digital fabrication techniques, and on-site implementation strategies from microbiologists, material scientists, manufacturers, and designers alike.

**Author Contributions:** S.B. and T.D. contributed equally to this paper. Conceptualization, S.B., T.D. and J.L.; investigation, S.B., T.D. and J.L.; writing—original draft preparation, S.B., T.D. and J.L.; writing—review and editing, S.B., T.D. and J.L.; visualization, S.B., T.D. and J.L.; supervision, J.L., T.V.M., B.D. and P.B.; project administration, J.L.; funding acquisition, B.D. and P.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research is made possible by the ETH Singapore's Future Cities Laboratory (FCL) Global Project, funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Singapore. This work is a part of a collaborative research project "Urban BioCycles", with Dirk Hebel of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Hortense Le Ferrand of Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
