**5. Conclusions**

Here we demonstrated that the Illumina Goat SNP50 BeadChip developed for domestic goats could be used as a useful tool for genetic studies of Caucasian tur. It was shown that West-Caucasian tur, East-Caucasian tur, and Mid-Caucasian tur clustered separately from each other. Genetic diversity parameters in East-Caucasian tur were lower than in the other groups. A clinal pattern of genetic variation was revealed. It was suggested to consider Caucasian tur a single species with several ecotypes. To obtain more accurate information about population structure and genetic diversity of Caucasian tur, further studies based on Illumina Goat SNP50 Bead-Chip with larger number of samples are needed.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/ 10.3390/d13070312/s1. Figure S1: Proportion of polymorphic sites per chromosome in Caucasian tur (*Capra caucasica*). Figure S2: Minor allele frequency (MAF) in Caucasian tur (*Capra caucasica*). Figure S3: Admixture clustering results at K = 2 and K = 3 for the three populations of Caucasian tur. Table S1: The results of f3 statistics computed for the three populations of Caucasian tur. Table S2: Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium *p*-values and minor allele frequency in SNPs selected for the study of Caucasian tur (*Capra caucasica*).

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, A.V.D. and N.A.Z.; methodology, A.V.D., A.N.R., V.R.K., G.B.; software, A.N.R.; validation, A.V.D. and V.R.K.; formal analysis, A.V.D. and V.R.K.; investigation, A.V.D., A.N.R., and S.N.P.; resources, D.G.M. and V.A.B.; data curation, A.V.D., G.B., and N.A.Z.; writing—original draft preparation, A.V.D.; writing—review and editing, V.R.K. and N.A.Z.; visualization, A.V.D. and S.N.P.; supervision, N.A.Z.; project administration, A.V.D.; funding acquisition, A.V.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This study was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation within Project No. 21-66- 00007 (genome-wide SNP genotyping and data analysis) and the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education within theme No. 0445-2019-0024 (sample collecting and creation of DNA Bank).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** SNP genotypes of Caucasian tur are available on reasonable request after signing research (MTA) agreement.

**Acknowledgments:** We are grateful to Bendersky E.V. and the Mountain Hunters Club (www.kgoclub.ru) for providing the samples of Caucasian tur. We thank Mitya Andreev and Anya Andreeva (http://mountaindreams.ru accessed on 17 June 2021) for providing the photo of Caucasian tur.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
