*3.1. Bee Community*

In total, we collected 1163 bees of 39 species. Apidae was the family with the most extraordinary richness (19 species) and abundance (991 individuals). The tribes with the most remarkable species richness were Augochlorini (13) and Meliponini (5). The most abundant species were *Apis mellifera* (32% of individuals sampled), *Trigona spinipes* (26%) and *Plebeia droryana* (13%), all eusocial species. Among the non-eusocial species, the most abundant were Dialictus sp1 (4%), *Augochlora thalia* (3%) and *Xylocopa frontalis* (2%). The most remarkable species richness was found in the U1 area (*n* = 20) and the highest diversity indexes were found in U2 and U12 (H = 2.065 and H = 2.032), respectively. The highest dominance was registered in the U7 area (Berger–Parker = 0.7206) (Table 1).

The most similar areas were U7 and U8 (67%), and least similar were U7 and U4 (12%). The values of bee abundance and total species richness of sampled bees were higher in the rainy season (668 individuals and 31 species, respectively), when the average daily temperatures varied between 25 and 39 ◦C. In the dry season, with average daily temperatures between 18 and 38 ◦C, the abundance of bees was 495 and the richness was 28 species. Grouping bees in guilds, from all sampled individuals, 80% showed eusocial behavior, 11% belonged to a solitary bee and 9% had an intermediate level of sociality. Cavity bees represented 82% of the bees collected and 18% of soil-nesting bees. Considering trophic specialization, 99% of bee species were generalists. A higher richness of eusocial bees was found in the U5 and U6 areas, while intermediate and solitary species had a higher richness in the U1 area (Figure 2a,b). Solitary and soil-nesting bees composed the highest richness of sampled species and no eusocial/soil bee species were found (Figure 2c).

**Table 1.** Abundance of bee species collected on flowers with an entomological net at 12 Urban Green Areas (UGA) in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil, and respective biological characteristics: Nesting Behavior (NB)—Solitary (S), Eusocial (E), Intermediate (I); Nesting Site (NS)—Soil (SO), Cavity (C); Trophic Specialization 



**Table 1.** *Cont*.

**Figure 2.** Relative abundance and richness (numbers inside bars) in each UGA: (**a**) nesting behavior, (**b**) nesting site, (**c**) species richness of soil- and cavity-nesting bees considering the different social groups.
