*2.4. Integration of Data*

Following Hahs and McDonnell [44] and Conole and Kirkpatrick [30], the final edited spatial images were re-imported into ArcGIS and a 1 × 1 km grid was overlaid. The modified Bird Atlas data from 1998 and 2018 were then added as point layer files. As with Conole and Kirkpatrick [30], the locations were taken from the coordinates provided. The grid cells that contained records from both 1998 and 2018 were extracted for each year, and the level of land use type in each grid cell was calculated. Land use types were combined and simplified into greenspace (woodland, grass and forest), coastal (mangrove, sea and sand), urbanised (suburban, periurban, building and road), water and bare earth. Percentage change of greenspace and urbanisation between 1998 and 2018 was calculated for the relevant grid cells.
