*2.2. Measures*

The multidisciplinary clinical assessment was carried out during a full day at the outpatient unit by experienced mental health professionals. The ED diagnosis was established on the basis of a nonstructured clinical assessment by psychiatrists, psychologists, and nutritionists, as well as a structured evaluation with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI, Version 5.0.0). All investigators were trained beforehand to use the MINI. Body weight and height were collected in a standardized way during the clinical examination. Among other psychometric and biometric assessments, participants completed the questionnaires below.

The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2) is a self-report diagnostic tool designed for use in a clinical setting to assess the clinical dimensions of EDs. It contains 11 subscales (drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness, perfectionism, interpersonal distrust, interoceptive awareness, maturity fears, asceticism, impulse regulation, social insecurity) that evaluate the symptoms of the ED, as well as its relationship with personality traits and emotions [18,19]. The total EDI-2 score used in this study consists of the sum of all 11 subscales scores [20]. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 0.84 for EDI-2 total score, ranging from 0.64 (for the ascetism subscale) to 0.92 (for the bulimic tendency subscale).

The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) is a 35-item self-report Likert-type scale that assesses food and eating regulation during the past 12 months. Items are scored on an eight-point scale with frequency response options ranging from "never" to "every day." The items assess clinical impairment/distress according to the DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder. For the diagnosis of food addiction, the clinically significant impairment/distress criterion has to be met along with two or more diagnostic criteria [21,22]. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 0.96 for YFAS 2.0.

The Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is a 28-item self-report instrument for the retrospective assessment of trauma exposure during childhood. The CTQ consists of five subscales representing different types of trauma (physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) with multiple items according to a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never true) to 5 (very often true). A higher score on a subscale indicates more severe childhood trauma [23]. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for internal consistency were 0.89 for the CTQ emotional abuse subscale, 0.94 for the CTQ physical abuse subscale, 0.96 for the CTQ sexual abuse subscale, 0.93 for CTQ emotional neglect, and 0.74 for physical neglect.
