*2.3. Measures*

2.3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics

Sociodemographic data included age and gender.


AN and BN diagnoses were made according to the ED sections of the fifth version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). It is a structured diagnostic interview that enables rapid and systematic investigations of the main axis 1 psychiatric disorders, according to DSM-IV criteria [25,26]. From 2017, we used an adapted version of the MINI to take into account the revised diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 [27]. Questions were added to diagnose BED according to DSM-IV (and then DSM-5) criteria. Age at ED onset and disease duration were also collected.

• *Severity of ED*

The Morgan–Russell Outcome Assessment Schedule (MROAS) is a structured interview that covers various clinical symptoms of ED and their repercussions on patient functioning in the past six months [28]. The questionnaire consists of five subscales exploring food intake and nutritional status, menstrual function, mental state, psychosexual adjustment, and socioeconomic status. Each subscale was scored from 1 to 12, with a higher score indicating a better outcome in the corresponding field. The average of these five scores was used as the MROAS total score, with potential results ranging from 1 to 12.

• *Characteristics of ED*

The Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) is a 91-item self-assessment questionnaire that evaluates the symptomatology and behavior associated with ED [29]. It examines 11 dimensions: "drive for thinness", "bulimia", "body dissatisfaction", "ineffectiveness", "perfectionism", "interpersonal distrust", "interoceptive awareness", "maturity fears", "asceticism", "impulse regulation" and "social insecurity". Answers are rated on a 6-point Likert-type scale ranging from "never" to "always". Each of these dimensions can be independently analyzed, and a score was calculated for each item. The internal consistency values for the EDI-2 dimensions are between 0.44 and 0.93.

• *Food addiction*

The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was designed to identify those exhibiting addictive-like eating behavior toward certain types of foods high in fat and/or sugar [7]. The YFAS is composed of questions based upon substance dependence criteria in the DSM. The DSM-IV criteria were used for the initial version of the YFAS and showed good convergence with measures of similar constructs (i.e., binge eating, emotional eating), good construct validity relative to dissimilar constructs (i.e., alcohol use, impulsivity), and good incremental validity toward binge-eating behavior. When the fifth edition of the DSM was published, a new version of the YFAS was developed, YFAS 2.0, to take into account the changes made to the substance-related and addictive disorders section and to extrapolate them to food [10]. The YFAS 2.0 version also showed good internal consistency, as well as convergent, discriminant and incremental validity. For the present study, the French version of the initial version of YFAS [30] was used until 31 October 2017, then replaced by the French version of YFAS 2.0 once it was validated [31]. According to Meule and Gearhardt (2019), prevalence rates and correlates of YFAS 2.0 diagnoses are largely similar to those observed with the original YFAS [32].
