2.2.9. Stop Signal Task (SST)

SST is a 20-min task measuring impulse control and response inhibition. It also allows measuring error monitoring after a response inhibition failure [50]. The first section of the test consists in a learning phase during which the participant must select the button associated to the direction in which the arrow points. During the second section of the test, the instruction remains the same, but when participants hear an audio tone (beep), they must hold back or inhibit their response. The SST uses a staircase design for the stop signal delay, meaning that the task allows adapting to the performance of the participant. More precisely, the stop signal delay increased by 50 ms following a successful inhibition and decreased by 50 milliseconds following a failed inhibition until the inhibition success rate stabilizes to 50%. It is suggested that the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) represents the time before which actions become ballistic and the participant is no longer able to cancel his action. The SST main outcome is the SSRT (a higher score indicates a worse stop signal reaction time). According to previous studies, performance monitoring was explored using the formula proposed by Bo, Aker, Billieux, and Landro [51]. More precisely, it allows calculating post-error slowing (PES; tendency to slow a response after a failure to stop), and post-success slowing (PSS; tendency to slow a response after a successful stop trial). PES was calculated by subtracting reaction times for "Go-after-go" trials to "Go-after-failure to stop trials", and post success slowing (PSS) by subtracting reaction time for "Go-after-go trials" to "Go-after-successful stop trials".

## 2.2.10. Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP)

The RVP is a seven-minute test assessing sustained attention and working memory. During the test, digits from 2 to 9 appear in a white box in the middle of the screen, in a pseudo-random order at the rate of 100 digits/min. The task is divided in two phases. First, participants must detect one target sequence of digits and press the button at the centre of the screen when they see the last digit of the sequence (e.g., 3–5−7); in the second phase, they must detect three target sequences of digits (e.g., 3–5−7; 2–4−6; 4–6−8), and press the button at the centre when they see the last digit of one of the sequences. RVP outcome measures include the A , which is a metric measure representing how good the participant is at detecting a targeted sequence. RVP outcome measures also include the median response latency on trials where the subject responded correctly across all trials, and the probability of a false alarm (False alarms ÷ (False alarms + Correct rejections)).
