Children and Adolescents

Four studies focused on the association between disordered eating and addictive-like eating behavior among children with ADHD symptoms (Table 2). They showed divergent results depending on the type of population. Wentz and colleagues (2019) [104], who assessed children recruited in an obesity clinic found no significant difference between individuals with and without ADHD diagnosis in terms of loss of control overeating. However, a study conducted in the general non-clinical population found a higher prevalence of loss of control overeating in children with than without ADHD diagnosis (70.5% vs. 20%; *p* < 0.001). The odds of loss of control overeating were increased 12.68 times for children with ADHD (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.11–51.64; *p* < 0.001) after adjusting for age, sex and race [105]. Another study with children attending psychiatric outpatient clinics found a higher prevalence of binge eating in individuals with ADHD than in controls (26% vs. 2%; *p* < 0.001) [103]. Moreover, in a longitudinal study by Bisset and colleagues (2019) [106], adolescents who screened positive for ADHD symptoms at age 12–13 tended to have a higher risk of objective binge eating at age 14–15 than adolescents without ADHD symptomatology (3.7% vs. 1.3%; Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.9, 95% CI: 0.9–8.6). Interestingly, this association was significant only for boys (2.9% vs. 0.3%; OR = 9.4, 95% CI: 1.7–52.8) and not for girls (6.5% vs. 2.2%; OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 0.7–14.0). The authors found no difference in terms of BN and BED symptoms (even partial syndromes) between adolescents with and without ADHD symptoms.


individualswithAttention-DeficitHyperactivityDisorder

, *12*, 3292

*Nutrients* **2020**



Self-Report Scale; WURS: Wender Utah Rating Scale; DIS-IV: Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-IV; ACDS: ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale; SCID-IV: The Structured Clinical

Interview for DSM-IV; DAWBA: Development

data not specified; a: model adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index z score; b: model adjusted for age, race, sex; c: model adjusted for age, race, sex and lifetime diagnosis of

psychiatric

comorbidities; d: model adjusted on universities (place of recruitment),

 and Well-Being Assessment; DIVA:

Diagnostische

 cursus and financial di

fficulties; \*\*\* *p* < 0.001.

 Interview Voor ADHD; MINI: Mini International

Neuropsychiatric

 Interview; DNS:
