2.2.1. Food Addiction

The French version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) is a 35-item self-reported questionnaire used to assess food addiction symptoms over the previous year [6,37]. The YFAS 2.0 covers FA criteria based on the DSM-5 eleven diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders [38]. Items are answered on a 7-point Likert Scale ranging from 0 (Never) to 7 (Every day). To fulfill a criterion, participants must endorse at least one item related to the associated criterion. Two methods have been developed to interpret answers. First, it is possible to assess the presence/absence of the "FA diagnosis" if a participant has endorsed at least two criteria and reported functional impairment or clinical distress. The severity of the "FA diagnosis" can be categorized as "mild" (two or three criteria), "moderate" (four or five criteria), and "severe" (six or more criteria). The functional impairment/clinical distress criterion was not taken into account in the recruitment of participants. In the present study, an adapted version of the YFAS 2.0 was used to refer to age-appropriate activities, as in Rodrigue et al. (refer to Gearhardt et al. for adaptations of the YFAS for children or YFAS-C) [22,31]. To make sure that the YFAS 2.0 items were developmentally and culturally appropriate, minor adaptations have been made on the scale inspired by the YFAS-C and taking into account the specific use of the French language in the Province of Quebec. An inter-rating process was performed between two of the authors (C.R. and C.B) for each adaptation. Cronbach's alphas for this version of the YFAS 2.0 were 0.91 for the initial study, and 0.79 for the present sample.
