*3.2. Effect of CP*

For *y*3(*k*), during delay-shifting stage of the proposed method, the last part of the window, which is selected in step 1 of the proposed method, occupies the complete CP part of the OFDM symbol, and a peak with processing gain of 20log10(*N*cp) − 10log10(*N* − *N*cp) − Modnoise dB appears at delay zero (defined by (27)). Where Modnoise dB is the raise in noise due to digital modulation, e.g., 16-QAM causes a raise of ≈2.7 [36]. For *M* number of OFDM symbols, an additional 10log10(*M*) dB is added to CP peak. Appearance of peaks due to CP, for echoes with delay longer than OFDM symbol duration, which are exactly *N* samples behind the target, can be eliminated from the observations.
