*Article* **Breakthrough Multi-Messenger Astrophysics with the THESEUS Space Mission †**

**Giulia Stratta 1,2,\* , Lorenzo Amati <sup>2</sup> , Marica Branchesi <sup>3</sup> , Riccardo Ciolfi <sup>4</sup> , Nial Tanvir <sup>5</sup> , Enrico Bozzo <sup>6</sup> , Diego Götz <sup>7</sup> , Paul O'Brien <sup>5</sup> and Andrea Santangelo <sup>8</sup>**


**Abstract:** The mission concept THESEUS (Transient High Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor) aims at exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) to explore the early Universe, as well as becoming a cornerstone of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. To achieve these goals, a key feature is the capability to survey the soft X-ray transient sky and to detect the faint and soft GRB population so far poorly explored. Among the expected transients there will be high-redshift GRBs, nearby low-luminosity, X-ray Flashes and short GRBs. Our understanding of the physics governing the GRB prompt emission will benefit from the 0.3 keV–10 MeV simultaneous observations for an unprecedented large number of hundreds of events per year. In particular the mission will provide the identification, accurate sky localisation and characterization of electromagnetic counterparts to sources of gravitational wave and neutrino sources, which will be routinely detected during the 2030s by the upgraded second generation and third generation Gravitational Wave (GW) interferometers and next generation neutrino detectors.

**Keywords:** gamma–rays: bursts; cosmology: early universe; multi-messenger astrophysics: gravitational waves; neutrinos; instrumentation: X/gamma–ray astrophysics from space; fundamental physics
