3.2.3. Restrained Eating

The third hierarchical multiple regression model showed that sex and age (Block 1) did not significantly explain the variance in restrained eating: *F* (2, 50) = 0.32 *p* = 0.727, *R*<sup>2</sup> = 0.013. After entry of ghrelin, IR, and leptin/adiponectin ratio at Block 2, the total model statistically significantly explained restrained eating: *F* (5, 47) = 4.37, *p* = 0.002, *R*<sup>2</sup> = 0.317. Among them, ghrelin was the unique significant predictor of restrained eating (*β* = –0.61; *p* < 0.001), indicating that individuals with higher ghrelin levels showed lower scores on restrained eating, explaining 31% of its variance. Table 4 shows regression coefficients of the independent variables on restrained eating.

**Table 4.** Regression coefficients of sex, age, ghrelin, IR, and leptin/adiponectin ratio on restrained eating.


Notes. B = unstandardized beta values; SE B = standard error of B; β = standardized beta values; *R*<sup>2</sup> = coefficient of determination; Δ*R*<sup>2</sup> = coefficient of determination change. \*\* *p* < 0.01.
