**5. Conclusions**

In short, our findings provide support for considering the course of BMI as a transdiagnostic feature that serves as a possible marker of severity and treatment outcome. Our findings corroborate that lifetime obesity is associated with greater general psychopathology and with some personality traits such as low persistence and self-directedness, and high reward dependence (i.e., low self-confidence). Thus, more functional scores on these personality traits may act as protective factors against weight gain. Finally, a relevant finding from our research reveals that only a subgroup of patients with BED (namely, those in the OB-OB BMI profile) have significantly less treatment adherence and higher dropout rates, which might be because they do not link their obesity to the ED. Thus, the findings derived from this study might improve our ability to identify clinical features related to the symptomatic expression and prognosis of these patients (namely weight changes) and, thereby, aid in tailoring the best treatment targets.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10 .3390/nu13062034/s1, Table S1: Comparison between the groups included and not in the substudy 2 of the treatment outcomes.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, Z.A., C.V.-A., I.B., and F.F.-A.; methodology, Z.A. and R.G.; formal analysis, R.G.; investigation, Z.A., C.V.-A., and I.B.; data curation, Z.A. and R.G.; resources, F.F.-A.; writing—original draft preparation, Z.A., C.V.-A., I.B., and R.G.; writing—review and editing, Z.A., S.J.-M., I.S., J.S.-G., J.M.M., J.T., and F.F.-A.; supervision, Z.A. and F.F.-A.; funding acquisition, S.J.-M. and F.F.-A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. This research was partially supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII; Grant Number: PI17/01167 and PI20/00132), by PERIS (Generalitat de Catalunya, SLT006/17/00246), and co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), a way to build Europe. C.V.-A. is supported by a predoctoral Grant of the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU16/01453). I.B. was partially supported by a post-residency grant from the Research Committee of the University Hospital of Bellvitge (HUB; Barcelona, Spain) 2019–2020. CIBERobn and CIBERSAM are initiatives of ISCIII.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Bellvitge University Hospital (Protocol Code PR149/11, date of approval: 9 June 2011).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

**Data Availability Statement:** Data are not available in any repository. Contact with corresponding authors.

**Conflicts of Interest:** Fernando Fernández-Aranda reports consultation fees from Novo Nordisk and the editor-in-Chief honorarium from Wiley. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. No other conflicts of interest are declared by the authors.
