2.2.3. Eating Styles

The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children (DEBQ-C) [11,58] was used to measure eating styles, which is a 20 item self-report questionnaire rated in a 3-point Likert scale from 1 to 3 (1 = "no", 2 = "sometimes", 3 = "yes") that assess three different eating behavior patterns: external (e.g., "Does walking past a candy store make you feel eating? "), emotional (e.g., "Does worrying make you feel like eating?"), and restrained (e.g., "Do you intentionally eat food that helps you lose weight?") eating. Higher scores on each subscale are indicative of greater emotional, external, or restrained eating. Emotional eating and restrained eating subscales are composed of 7 items each, whereas external eating is composed of 6 items. Total scores for each subscale are computed with the mean score of their corresponding items. In this sample, the internal consistency of each scale was acceptable (α = 0.87, α = 0.78, and α = 0.65, respectively). EDs were ruled out according to the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 [59].
