*2.4. Assessment of General Psychopathology*

The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale—Short Version (BIS-15) [63] was used to measure participants' impulsiveness utilizing a three-factor model: non-planning impulsivity, motor impulsivity, and attentional impulsivity. The BIS-15 contains 15 items, each scored on a 4-point Likert scale with six items scored inversely. Accordingly, a sum score of all items ranges between 15 and 60.

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) [64] was additionally included as a widely used self-report inventory for measuring the severity of depression in adults. The BDI-II contains 21 items, each scored on a 4-point Likert scale, with sum scores ranging between 0 and 63.
