**2. Methods**

The study uses data collected from eight randomized clinical trials that were implemented within the CTN, a network that provides an infrastructure in which the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), medical and specialty treatment providers, academic centers, researchers, and patients cooperatively develop, validate, refine, and deliver new treatment options for patients with SUD [30]. There are 16 CTN research sites termed 'nodes' in the U.S. that conduct clinical trials across diverse settings and populations. For this study, we analyzed data that was approved for public release or that was publicly available on NIDA Data Share website (https://datashare.nida.nih.gov/ (accessed on 15 February 2022)). Data Share is an electronic environment that allows access to data from completed trials to promote new research using secondary analyses [31].
