*Article* **Remote Psychotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study on the Changes Experienced by Austrian Psychotherapists**

**Michael Stadler 1,†, Andrea Jesser 1,\*,† , Elke Humer <sup>1</sup> , Barbara Haid 2, Peter Stippl 2, Wolfgang Schimböck 2, Elisabeth Maaß 3, Helmut Schwanzar 3, Daniela Leithner 3, Christoph Pieh <sup>1</sup> and Thomas Probst <sup>1</sup>**


**Abstract:** The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated measures to contain the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus required a change in treatment format from face-to-face to remote psychotherapy. This study investigated the changes experienced by Austrian therapists when switching to psychotherapy at a distance. A total of 217 therapists participated in an online survey on changes experienced when switching settings. The survey was open from 26 June until 3 September 2020. Several open questions were evaluated using qualitative content analysis. The results show that the setting at a distance was appreciated by the therapists as a possibility to continue therapy even during an exceptional situation. Moreover, remote therapy offered the respondents more flexibility in terms of space and time. Nevertheless, the therapists also reported challenges of remote therapy, such as limited sensory perceptions, technical problems and signs of fatigue. They also described differences in terms of the therapeutic interventions used. There was a great deal of ambivalence in the data regarding the intensity of sessions and the establishment and/or maintenance of a psychotherapeutic relationship. Overall, the study shows that remote psychotherapy seems to have been well accepted by Austrian psychotherapists in many settings and can offer benefits. Clinical studies are also necessary to investigate in which contexts and for which patient groups the remote setting is suitable and where it is potentially contraindicated.

**Keywords:** remote psychotherapy; psychotherapy via telephone; psychotherapy via videoconferencing; tele-health; e-mental-health; COVID-19; pandemic; psychotherapy; qualitative psychotherapy research; mixed-methods psychotherapy research
