*5.3. Long-Term Resilience Planning*

Growing urban populations, limited budgets, and the impact of climate change are increasingly putting a strain on watershed management. Even a slight increase in temperature can lead to general changes in the microbiological processes in lakes, rivers, and streams [28]. Therefore, resilience planning is essential to cope with and recover from disruption and anticipate trends and variability. For example, when a factory requests permission to dump water that was part of the manufacturing process into a stream, an EDSS can be used to understand the impact on the stream. This can be conducted by plotting the water quality parameters under different flow and quality outputs from the factory as predicted by the model in different points downstream. After such a plot is created, the treatment level of the disposed water can be determined for the factory. In another application using the same example, a government agency could find thresholds related to the stream condition (e.g., flow, temperature, nutrients, etc.), where dumping of water in a certain quality from the factory will not be allowed or the amount will be limited below the regular output. In conclusion, EDSS as a service enables local communities and national regulators alike to take a holistic approach to planning for the future.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, Y.B. and M.H.; methodology, Y.B.; software, B.D.; validation, Y.B., A.C. and S.W.; investigation, Y.B.; data curation, Y.B.; writing—original draft preparation, Y.B. and A.C.; writing—review and editing, M.H., S.W., A.C. and B.D.; visualization, Y.B.; supervision, M.H.; project administration, Y.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Data Availability Statement:** EDSS GitHub repository: https://github.com/WQDSS/Evaluna (accessed on 22 May 2021) CE-QUAL-W2 for Linux environment compilation, GitHub repository https://github.com/WQDSS/CE-QUAL-W2-Linux (accessed on 22 May 2021).

**Acknowledgments:** This work was supported by the Yarqon River Authority.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
