*Article* **Geopolitical Risk as a Determinant of Renewable Energy Investments**

**Floros Flouros 1, Victoria Pistikou 1,2 and Vasilios Plakandaras 2,\***

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**Abstract:** The advent of various initiatives around the globe in shaping an energy transition towards a "greener" energy production future sparked a research interest towards the determinants that will shape their success. In this paper, we depart from the relevant literature evaluating the potential effect of geopolitical tensions on renewable energy investments, building on an explicit quantitative approach that provides clear empirical evidence. In doing so, we compile a large panel of 171 economies and measure the effect of geopolitical risk on "green" investing as measured by popular geopolitical risk indices, while controlling for all major variables proposed by literature. Our flexible Autoregressive Distributed Lag model with heterogenous effects across economies suggests that geopolitical risk has a significantly measurable effect on green investments both in the short and the long run. In fact, our results sugges<sup>t</sup> that proper model specification is robust across alternate risk assessments. Overall, our study has direct policy implications suggesting that renewable energy could be an important part of our energy mix only if we take into account its linkages with geopolitical tensions.

**Keywords:** geopolitical risk; renewable energy sources; energy production; ARDL; GDP; CO2 emissions
