*Article* **Increased Oxidative Stress in Asthma—Relation to Inflammatory Blood and Lung Biomarkers and Airway Remodeling Indices**

**Stanisława Bazan-Socha 1,\*,†,‡, Krzysztof Wójcik 1,†,‡, Magdalena Olchawa 2, Tadeusz Sarna 2, Jakub Pi ˛eta 3, Bogdan Jakieła 1,‡, Jerzy Soja 1,§, Krzysztof Oko ´n 4, Jacek Zarychta 1,5,‡, Lech Zar ˛eba 6, Michał Stojak 7, Daniel P. Potaczek 8, Jan G. Bazan <sup>6</sup> and Magdalena Celi ´nska-Lowenhoff 1,‡**


**Abstract:** Airway inflammation in asthma is related to increased reactive oxygen species generation, potentially leading to tissue injury and subsequent airway remodeling. We evaluated oxidative stress in peripheral blood from asthmatic subjects (*n* = 74) and matched controls (*n* = 65), using recently developed real-time monitoring of the protein hydroperoxide (HP) formation by the coumarin boronic acid (CBA) assay. We also investigated the relation of the systemic oxidative stress response in asthma to disease severity, lung function, airway remodeling indices (lung computed tomography and histology), and blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) inflammatory biomarkers. We documented enhanced systemic oxidative stress in asthma, reflected by 35% faster and 58% higher cumulative fluorescent product generation in the CBA assay (*p* < 0.001 for both). The dynamics of HP generation correlated inversely with lung function but not with asthma severity or histological measures of airway remodeling. HP generation was associated positively with inflammatory indices in the blood (e.g., C-reactive protein) and BAL (e.g., interleukin [IL]-6, IL-12p70, and neutrophil count). Bronchial obstruction, thicker airway walls, increased BAL IL-6, and citrullinated histone 3 in systemic circulation independently determined increased HP formation. In conclusion, a real-time CBA assay showed increased systemic HP generation in asthma. In addition, it was associated with inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting that proper disease control can also lead to a decrease in oxidative stress.

**Keywords:** asthma; oxidative stress; CBA assay; airway remodeling

**Citation:** Bazan-Socha, S.; Wójcik, K.; Olchawa, M.; Sarna, T.; Pi ˛eta, J.; Jakieła, B.; Soja, J.; Oko ´n, K.; Zarychta, J.; Zar˛eba, L.; et al. Increased Oxidative Stress in Asthma—Relation to Inflammatory Blood and Lung Biomarkers and Airway Remodeling Indices. *Biomedicines* **2022**, *10*, 1499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ biomedicines10071499

Academic Editor: Shaker A. Mousa

Received: 12 April 2022 Accepted: 22 June 2022 Published: 24 June 2022

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