*3.3. Protein Dose and Timing*

The majority of studies supplemented participants with whey protein in the form of a beverage, except one which used a protein bar [59], with the most common strategy being to provide an absolute bolus dose of protein ranging between 20–50 g. One study provided an additional dose of whey protein relative to body mass (2.4 <sup>g</sup>·kg−1·day−1) [54]. Crowe et al. [53] provided participants with a leucine supplement (45 mg·kg−1·day−1). In terms of timing, the majority of studies provided protein immediately (<1 h) postexercise [52,55–61]. Others also provided protein at breakfast [54] and some provided protein both prior to sleep and immediately post-exercise [51]. Seven studies assessed and reported total daily protein intake [51–55,57,60], whereas four studies did not [56,58,59,61].
