**4. Discussion**

This review identified just four studies on nutritional interventions designed to enhance sleep quality and quantity in an athletic population. However, there are studies conducted in other general population cohorts, including individuals with diagnosed or self-reported sleep problems, that show modest support for the efficacy of nutritional intervention to increase objective TST, objective SE, subjective sleep, and reduce the effects of sleep complaints such as insomnia. Substantially more work is required in carefully controlled nutritional supplement studies to verify their efficacy and effectiveness in promoting sleep, recovery, and performance in the variety of settings that competitive athletes have to manage. Translation and implementation of positive experimental outcomes will require coordination and managemen<sup>t</sup> between athletes, coaches, and support staff, especially dietitians and sports medicine practitioners, providing specific dietary advice.
