*2.1. Materials*

In this study, four different techniques were used to fabricate custom post and cores (simulating the protocols for post-and-core fabrication) for the maxillary central incisors. The fabrication techniques used were: the conventional lost-wax casting technique (using a non-precious alloy), the CAD/CAM subtractive technique (using Grade 5 titanium and zirconia), and the CAD/CAM additive technique (3D printing) (using Grade 5 titanium 6AL4V). The details of each material used in the study are listed in Table 1.
