**3. Result**

One hundred and ninety-eight individuals were recruited from December 2020 until February 2021. Around 70% were males (n = 139) and the rest were females (n = 59). Participants were divided into five groups based on age where the majority (n = 78) of individuals were from Group 2 (21–30 years), followed by 45 individuals from Group 3 (31–40 years), 36 individuals from Group 1 (15–20 years), 25 individuals from Group 4 (41–50 years), and 14 individuals from Group 5 (51 years and more).

In the current study, the most frequent shade noted among male and female participants (n = 120) was shade type A, which represents reddish brownish. The second most frequent shade was type B (n = 49), followed by 20 participants with shade type C, and nine with shade D (Table 1). Most female participants had an A2 shade representing 25.4%, followed by A2 with 22%, and A3 with another 22% individually, while males had a B3 shade (18%) followed by A2 and A3 (15.8%) (Figure 1). Overall, the results showed a significant relationship between tooth shade and participant's gender, with a *p*-value of less than 0.05 (Table 2).

**Figure 1.** Relationship between teeth shade and among male and female participants.


**Table 1.** Relationship between teeth shade and gender. Most participants had an A2 shade.

\* *p* < 0.05.


**Table 2.** Pearson Chi-Square test shows the significant level between shade and gender.

<sup>a</sup> 19 cells (59.4%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 0.30.

According to the age, 33.3% of Group 1 (10–20 years) had shade A2 while Group 2 (21–30 years) and 3 (31–40 years) had 17.9% and 22.2% of shade B3, respectively. Shade A3 accounted for 20% of individuals in Group 4 and 28.6% of Group 5 individuals (Table 3) (Figure 2). A statistically significant difference was observed between shade and age groups (*p* < 0.05) (Table 4). Skin color type IV appeared to be the most dominant type with a total of 67 individuals, followed by skin color type III with a total of 64 individuals. Forty-one individuals had type II skin color, 17 individuals had type V skin color, then skin type I and VI with 7 and 2 individuals, respectively (Table 5).
