*2.4. Statistical Analysis*

The data were analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS Version 25.0. Armonk, NY, USA). The results are presented as frequencies and percentages for age, gender, smoking, preoperative pain, size of the periapical lesion, and healing. Statistical associations were performed between periapical healing with age, gender, smoking, preoperative pain, size of the periapical lesion using chi-squared and Fisher's exact test as per data assumptions. A *p*-value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant.
