*4.8. Single-Cell Electrophoresis (Comet Assay)*

Formation of DNA DSBs was assayed by using the alkaline version of single-cell electrophoresis. Comet slides were stained by SYBR Green (Trevigen, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and visualized by fluorescent microscopy (Olympus BX63, Tokyo, Japan). Comet assay parameters (TM and OTM) were evaluated by the ImageJ software. 50 nuclei were evaluated per treatment. Differences between control and treated cells in TM and OTM were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn's test with Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment in R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; URL https://www.R-project.org/).
