**9. Conclusions**

Botox has been used in functional urology for more than 20 years. The licensed applications are limited to the treatment of OAB and NDO. However, because the pharmacologic mechanisms include inhibiting the release of neuropeptides, neuromodulation, anti-inflammatory effects, and antisense actions, Botox can be used in various LUTDs that are difficult to treat using conventional medications or surgical procedures. Advancing the clinical applications of Botox in LUTD necessitates further clinical and basic research to broaden the scope of its therapeutic effects.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
