*2.4. Sampling Method*

A multistage probability sampling method was performed to select the required study participants. In the first stage, we chose one general hospital, one tertiary care hospital, and all the PHCs from the Aljouf region. The research team used the lot technique to choose one general hospital and one specialty hospital from the available facilities. In the second stage, the required number of participants from each type of healthcare facility was selected based on the probability proportional to size in the following steps. Finally, we applied a systematic sampling method to select the female HCWs based on the allotted number.
