**2. Methods**

## *2.1. Patient Selection*

Patients were enrolled in this study, which was approved by the local ethical committee of National Cancer Institute of Naples Pascale Foundation. Fifty-four patients (mean age 54.3, range 31–78 years) with 79 histo-pathologically proven breast lesions (48 malignant lesions and 31 benign lesions) (Table 1) underwent both CEM and DCE-MRI. The lesions were retrospectively analyzed with radiomic and artificial intelligence approaches. Breast lesions were categorized based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging.

**Table 1.** Number and corresponding percentage of the total benign or malignant breast lesions.


All women gave their written informed consent according to local ethical committee regulations.

Inclusion criteria: patient with known, histologically proven breast lesions who underwent both dual-energy CEM in craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views and DCE-MRI.

Exclusion criteria were previously reported in [43,44].
