*Article* **A New VCII Application: Sinusoidal Oscillators**

**Vincenzo Stornelli 1, Gianluca Barile 1, Leonardo Pantoli 1, Massimo Scarsella 1, Giuseppe Ferri 1,\*, Francesco Centurelli 2, Pasquale Tommasino <sup>2</sup> and Alessandro Trifiletti <sup>2</sup>**


**Abstract:** The aim of this paper is to prove that, through a canonic approach, sinusoidal oscillators based on second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) can be implemented. The investigation demonstrates the feasibility of the design results in a pair of new canonic oscillators based on negative type VCII (VCII−). Interestingly, the same analysis shows that no canonic oscillator configuration can be achieved using positive type VCII (VCII+), since a single VCII+ does not present the correct port conditions to implement such a device. From this analysis, it comes about that, for 5-node networks, the two presented oscillator configurations are the only possible ones and make use of two resistors, two capacitors and a single VCII−. Notably, the produced sinusoidal output signal is easily available through the low output impedance Z port of VCII, removing the need for additional voltage buffer for practical use, which is one of the main limitations of the current mode (CM) approach. The presented theory is substantiated by both LTSpice simulations and measurement results using the commercially available AD844 from Analog Devices, the latter being in a close agreement with the theory. Moreover, low values of THD are given for a wide frequency range.

**Keywords:** VCII; RC oscillator; sinusoidal oscillator; current mode; voltage conveyor application
