3.2.4. Green Innovation Performance (GIP)

Green innovation performance was the dependent variable in the study and can be described as the success of innovations that a firm implements in association with green products and processes, embracing technologies that help with reducing energy consumption, protecting the environment, reusing waste, eliminating pollution, green product research and development, and firm environmental management. This was operationalized by adopting eight items formulated by Chang et al. [63]. A sample item is "Our company chooses materials that produce the least amount of pollution for conducting the product development or design". These six items generated a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.934.
