3.2.1. Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility (ECSR)

Environmental corporate social responsibility shows a firm's voluntary actions including environmental concerns in its operational activities. The measurement of environmental corporate social responsibility was adapted from Farooq et al. [62]. The scale included four items. A sample item is "Our company implements special programs to minimize its negative impact on the natural environment". Four items generated a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.871.

#### 3.2.2. Shared Vision Capability (SVC)

Shared vision capability is a common understanding and identification of firms' members concerning the firm's vision, mission, and core values that indicate the developmental direction for the firm in the future. It was measured by six items taken from Luo et al. [27]. A sample item is "I fully understand the meaning of the company's vision and mission and I can fully explain it in detail." Six items generated a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.895.
