**14. Conclusions**

As we gain more insights into the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis, our understanding of its pathophysiology leading to cardiovascular disease has begun to include hitherto incompletely characterized immunoactive SPMs (Figure 1). Their complex temporal and functional interdependences seem to forge a path of resolution that begins with the start of inflammation, which opens up an entirely novel way of treating the world's number one cause of death. While the current treatment modalities are mainly damage-control with some passive preventive measures, further exploration of this new understanding will undoubtedly lead to targeted, individualized medicine that has the potential to be both preventative and curative.

### **15. Limitations of the Study**

As depicted in this review, SPMs each play their role in an intertwined manner to resolve inflammation and thus curtail the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in its early stages. Through this article we offer a simple introduction and a bird's eye view of the role of SPMs in atherosclerosis and overview of their cellular and molecular mechanisms in resolution of inflammation, that has been proven to be implicated in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The exact molecular structure of each of the SPMs, detailed review of the studies that led to their discovery, an in-depth analysis of the interplay between various signal molecules, their receptors, and cell types in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are beyond the scope of this article. Also limited is the availability of a comprehensive list and analysis of any ongoing clinical trials with SPMs.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.M.R. and S.R.; figures and formatting, S.R. and P.R.; writing, S.R., D.O. and M.M.R.; review and editing, S.R., M.M.R. and D.O. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
