*4.2. Flavonoids*

Quercetin is a flavonoid found in multiple vegetables showing protective mitochondrial mechanisms, antiinflammation, and neuroprotection [19]. The flavonoid-derived medication Baicalin was recently analyzed in vitro using oligodendrocytes and in vivo in mice models of demyelination [82]. In vitro, Baicalin induced oligodendrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and a reduction in the number of astrocytes [82]. In vivo, the anti-inflammatory effect of this medication inhibited demyelination, promoted remyelination, and enhanced coordinated movement [82]. Additional neuroprotective effects of Baicalin and similar flavonoids include mechanisms to reduce neurotoxicity caused by aminochromes [83]. An aminochrome is a quinone formed during dopamine oxidation known to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease [83]. It seems that flavonoids stimulate neuroprotection by preventing lysosomal dysfunction and protecting against oxidative damage, even though all these aspects are still under research [83]. Similarly, in a mice model of cuprizone, a model of toxic demyelination, the treatment with the flavonoid Icariin increased myelin restoration, APC+/Olig2+ mature oligodendrocytes, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor production [84]. In general, flavonoids seem to induce neuroprotection by reducing neurotoxicity showing possible therapeutical approaches, for instance, to improve treatments of Parkinson's disease.
