• **Interoperability**

The data exchange between different nodes or neurons of the learning system is unclear. In DL, interoperability is difficult to detect or understand because it involves complex neurons and operations [99,100]. It is almost unclear how a particular set of inputs leads to a specific solution for various problems. The interoperability issue emanates from either a lack of standardized and coordinated data representation or a standardized application programming interface. In the design of the AI system for COVID-19 prediction, there is a need to design an AI system so that the reasoning behind the operation is evident.
