**6. Conclusions**

This review provides essential information for understanding the usefulness of volatile organic compounds from diverse types of basil essential oils and their biological activities. Moreover, as far as sustainable food production in the tropical region is concerned, it is interesting to value-add the natural products from the commonly available resources. Several studies validated the bioassays of these beneficial components during the pre- and post-harvest stages of food crop development. However, the limitation is that essential oils generally decompose fast when exposed to the environment. Consequently, encapsulation techniques are recommended to improve its stability and control its release rate. The option of choice depends on the targeted applications and better-controlled release performance of the essential oils.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, S.R.S. and T.T.; software, T.T.; validation, S.R.S. and T.T.; formal analysis, T.T., N.C. and P.T.; resources, T.T., N.C. and P.T.; data curation, T.T.; writing—original draft preparation, T.T.; writing—review and editing, S.R.S.; visualisation, T.T.; supervision, S.R.S., R.C.; project administration, T.T.; funding acquisition, N.L., K.J., P.R., P.S., Y.P., T.C., W.R., P.J. and H.V.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** The research project is funded by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT): (contact no: N41A640354). This research project was partially supported by Chiang Mai University.

**Acknowledgments:** We would like to acknowledge the Teaching Assistant and Research Assistant (TA/RA) scholarship from the Graduate School, Chiang Mai University.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
