*4.6. Future Perspective*

Structural changes in polyphenols by biochemical modifications can be elucidated through elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR). Furthermore, crystal, and molecular structures of the potential metal flavonoid or phenolic acid complexes can be identified by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. By electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, transient oxidation species could also be identified. Morphological study of the bacterial and fungal cells triggered by biochemically modified polyphenols can reveal the possible antimicrobial effect on the cells. Membrane potential study may indicate the mechanism by which the antimicrobials could have affected the membrane permeability. Ultimately, antibacterial effects against food pathogens can be carried out to understand the scope of biochemically formulated antimicrobials in food applications.
