**4. Conclusions**


**Author Contributions:** D.E. provided funding acquisition, supervision, conceptualization, methodology, participated in experiments, prepared the original draft and edited the final version. F.W. contributed to methodology, performed experiments and analysis and reviewed the draft paper.

**Funding:** The research was funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), Ultra-Cast project, grant number EP/L019884/1.

**Acknowledgments:** This paper is based on the presentation at the 16th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys (ICAA16, Montreal, Canada, 17–21 June, 2018. Technical assistance of S. Venditti and P. Lloyd in conducting experiments is highly appreciated.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
