2.3.2. Pulse Wave Velocity

Carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV, aortic), carotid-radial PWV (crPWV, brachial), carotiddistal PWV (cdPWV, systemic), and femoral-ankle (dorsalis pedis artery) PWV (faPWV, leg) were determined by applanation tonometry (Complior Analyse, Alam Medical, Vincennes, France; for faPWV: SphygmoCor CPV, AtCor Medical, Sydney, Australia). Distances between arterial sites in each segment were measured with a segmometer (Mitutoyo, Aurora, IL, USA). PWV was calculated as the distance of the arterial segment divided by the transit time of the pulse. cfPWV was multiplied by 0.80 to account for the distance between the carotid artery site and the suprasternal notch [38]. A minimum of two PWV measurements were obtained and the average was used for analysis.
