*3.1. Characteristics of Stroke Patients*

Out of 951 patients with stroke, the proportions of SR and HTN were 17.5% and 72.8%, respectively. The age ranged from 19 to 99 years, and the proportion of patients aged ≥65 was 53.7%. Compared to participants with the first stroke, those with SR had a higher percentage of age ≥ 65 (*p* = 0.011), were men (*p* = 0.042), were retired or infirm (*p* = 0.021), and had an infarction stroke (*p* = 0.012), HTN (*p* < 0.001), and CCI (*p* < 0.001) (Table 2).

**Variables Total First Stroke Recurrent Stroke** *n* **(%) (***n* **= 785, 82.5%) (***n* **= 166, 17.5%)** *p* Socio-demographics Age (years) 0.011 <65 440 (46.3) 378 (48.2) 62 (37.3) ≥65 511 (53.7) 407 (51.8) 104 (62.7) Gender 0.042 Woman 388 (40.8) 332 (42.3) 56 (33.7) Man 563 (59.2) 453 (57.7) 110 (66.3) Occupation 0.021 Working 518 (54.5) 441 (56.2) 77 (46.4) Retirement or infirmity 433 (45.5) 344 (43.8) 89 (53.6) Education attainment 0.363 Illiterate or elementary 216 (22.7) 181 (23.1) 34 (20.5) Junior high school 257 (27.1) 204 (26.0) 53 (31.9) Senior high school 251 (26.4) 206 (26.3) 45 (27.1) College/university or higher 227 (23.9) 193 (24.6) 34 (20.5) Ability to pay for medication 0.129 Very or fairly difficult 423 (44.5) 358 (45.6) 65 (39.2) Very or fairly easy 528 (55.5) 427 (54.4) 101 (60.8) Marital status 0.979 Married 837 (88.0) 691 (88.0) 146 (88.0) Single or Widowed/Divorced/Separated 114 (12.0) 94 (12.0) 20 (12.0) Social status 0.335 Low 111 (11.7) 88 (11.2) 23 (13.9) Middle or high 840 (88.3) 697 (88.8) 143 (86.1) HL index (mean ± SD) 23.4 ± 10.0 23.5 ± 10.0 22.8 ± 9.9 0.426

**Table 2.** Characteristics and stroke recurrence (*n* = 951).


#### **Table 2.** *Cont.*

Abbreviation: HL, health literacy; SD, standard deviation; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; PAB, pro-oxidant– antioxidant balance; IQR, interquartile range.
