*2.1. Study Population*

A cross-sectional study was launched from December 2019 to December 2020 to enroll patients with stroke in Vietnam. Due to the COVID-19 crisis, six invited hospitals agreed to participate in our study. Stroke patients were identified by neurologists using the 10th revision of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) coding I60–I69 [28], who were recruited from rehabilitation, neurology, and cardiovascular departments. Patients with stable stroke conditions (e.g., a Mini-Mental State Examination score of ≥22, vital signs within normal limits, recovery after the acute stroke and hospitalized at least one month), aged ≥ 18 years, and being able to reply to questions were eligible for selection. Moreover, we excluded patients with aphasia and impairment of vision and cognition. A minimum sample of 715 was estimated using SAS v9.4 software based on eight predictors in multiple logistic regression with a power of 0.8 and an alpha of 0.1. A satisfactory sample of 951 qualified patients was recruited for the final analysis. This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethical Review Committee of the Hanoi School of Public Health, Vietnam (IRB No. 498/2019/YTCC-HD3 and No. 312/2020/YTCC-HD3).
