**4. Conclusions**

IWRM governs flood managemen<sup>t</sup> and it requires an understanding to identify all the major components (stakeholder categories) for sustainable flood managemen<sup>t</sup> modelling.

This study found that there are five main stakeholder categories which need explicit integrations or sustainable flood managemen<sup>t</sup> modelling. They are hydro modellers, GIS modellers, HydroGIS modellers, decision makers, and recipients.

These five stakeholder categories were grouped into two components: (1) scientific components and (2) managemen<sup>t</sup> components. The integration of these groups is being carried out by the HydroGIS modeller who develops the flood managemen<sup>t</sup> model.

The present study shows that perspectives of the components in the scientific model are well integrated with model development, while components within the managemen<sup>t</sup> model are also satisfactorily integrated. The most discussed recipient stakeholders are also in the managemen<sup>t</sup> group; hence, we can argue that, at present, recipients' perspectives are satisfactorily incorporated into the flood managemen<sup>t</sup> initiatives.

Nevertheless, the poorest attention (38% less than optimum) is being paid to integrating the scientific model perspectives into the managemen<sup>t</sup> model. Therefore, this work concludes by stating that, at the present, there is a need for better attention to all five interactions and therefore, IWRM initiatives should focus more attention to integrating scientific modellers' perspectives thereby fully satisfying the recipient stakeholders' requirements.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, resources, data curation, writing—original draft preparation, project administration, funding acquisition, and visualization, R.M.M.P. Writing—review and editing, and supervision, N.T.S.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

**Data Availability Statement:** No new data were created or analysed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
