**4. Conclusions**

The prediction errors' outcome of the validation of the geospatial and geostatistical modeling for the GIS soil erodibility mapping proved the validity and accuracy of the generated *K*-factor GIS digital map of the *Helianthus annuus* tested plots. All these results have demonstrated that the ordinary Kriging exponential model had good performance and is regarded as very well suited for modeling soil erodibility and many other soil parameters (clay, sand, silt, *OrM*, very fine sand, etc.) and digital mapping. In consideration of the ANOVA test results of the tillage systems and the treatment effects on the soil erodibility, the optimum tillage system found was NoTl (no tillage) and the superior treatment was C [(NoTi-VCov) (no tillage plus vegetative coverage)] for hillside plots of high erosion hazard with a downward slope ≥ 7.5%. These can be considered as environmentally friendly farming methods to curb soil erodibility by water, reduce runoff hazard, and maintain the health of the soil's environment and its beneficial nutrients.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, A.F.; methodology, A.F., N.G. and E.H.; software, A.F.; validation, A.F., N.G. and E.H.; formal analysis, A.F., N.G. and E.H.; investigation, A.F., N.G. and E.H.; resources, A.F. and N.G.; data curation, A.F., N.G. and E.H.; writing—original draft preparation, A.F.; writing—review and editing, A.F.; visualization, A.F. and E.H.; supervision, A.F.; project administration, A.F.; funding acquisition, A.F., N.G. and E.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** All the data of the study are presented in the paper.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
