**4. Conclusions**

The aim of this review was to accentuate the understanding of the oxidative stress physiology of aquatic populations induced by the anthropogenically mediated salinization of aquatic biota in the coastal regions. Anthropogenic factors have either led to an increase or decrease in salinity in different aquatic communities. These slight fluctuations in the optimal level of salinity affect the oxidative health of the inhabitants in these communities by accelerating the production of ROS, and causing an insufficient amount of antioxidant enzymes, limited mitochondrial respiration, etc. Moreover, OS also affects growth, development, physiological adaptations, performance, reproduction, etc. The OS incurred by the species is also associated with the apoptotic factors responsible for cell death. Thus, climate change, anthropogenic loads, abiotic factor stressors, alone or in combination, induce (oxidative) stress in aquatic organisms; therefore, their economic value is influenced.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, B.P.; writing—original draft preparation, A.B.; writing— review and editing, B.P. and A.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** Schemes (number ECR/2016/001984 by Science Engineering Research Board, DST, Govt. of India and research award number 1188/ST, Bhubaneswar, dated 1 March 2017, ST-(Bio)-02/2017 by DST, Govt. of Odisha, India) to BRP are acknowledged. Fellowship (1264/ST/BT-MISC-0034-2018) to Abhipsa Bal under Biju Patnaik Research Fellowship to pursue Ph.D. course in Biotechnology, by Department of Science and Technology, Government of Odisha, India is acknowledged.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The study does not require any approval from the institutional review board/ethics committee.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
