**1. Introduction**

Flood disasters are frequently occurring with more severity worldwide [1,2], and they account for more than 50% of all natural disasters that happen [3,4]. In the recent decade, flood disasters have caused over 0.25 million causalities and also registered a total of about USD 4.8 billion in economic losses [5,6]. Flooding is the primary global cause of catastrophic loss and destruction, and the number of people exposed to floods is increasing faster than the world's population [7,8].

South Asian countries, such as Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, claim the highest number of flood-related causalities and economic losses [7,9–11]. In the recent decade, flood disasters have been common in Pakistan and have caused severe damage to all socio-economic sectors [12–14].

Floods in Pakistan generally occur in the monsoon season because of an excessive amount of rainfall in the upstream watershed of the main rivers, the Indus and the Chenab [15–17]. As a result, floods with high magnitudes have occurred in floodplain areas, which ultimately resulted in a huge impact on people's lives, property, and the overall economy of the country [18,19]. Despite the fact that this catastrophic flood menace cannot be entirely prevented, the effects can be lessened by employing effective remote sensingbased flood risk mapping [17,20]. The remote sensing technique is the most affordable way to provide extensive data on all stages of a flood disaster, which may be used for flood mapping [9,13].

Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to delineate flooded areas using suitable satellite-derived MNDWI water indices. Results from the water indices propose a step-wise approach for accurately performing flood mapping. Such an approach gives

**Citation:** Sajjad, A.; Lu, J.; Aslam, R.W.; Ahmad, M. Flood Disaster Mapping Using Geospatial Techniques: A Case Study of the 2022 Pakistan Floods. *Environ. Sci. Proc.* **2023**, *25*, 78. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ECWS-7-14312

Academic Editor: Athanasios Loukas

Published: 3 April 2023

**Copyright:** © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).

an insight into the flood situation in this flooded area with minimum inclusion of other non-water classes. In addition, in case of flood disaster occurrence, such insights can assist in proper decision making for emergency flood managemen<sup>t</sup> in District Dera Ghazi Khan.
