**2. Methodology**

### *2.1. Las Loras UGGp Description*

The study area has an extension of 950.76 km<sup>2</sup> in the provinces of Palencia and Burgos, in the north of Spain (Figure 1) an area with 13,076 inhabitants. The Agriculture is the

**Citation:** de la Hera-Portillo, Á.; Chamizo-Borreguero, M.; Ghanem, M.; López-Gutiérrez, J.; Moreno-Merino, L.; Sánchez-Fabián, J.Á.; Salman, K.; Laftouhi, N.-E.; Fensham, R.; Mohammad, A.H.; et al. Advances in the Knowledge of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark in the Framework of the UNESCO IGCP-730 Project. *Environ. Sci. Proc.* **2023**, *25*, 75. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ECWS-7-14313

Academic Editor: Athanasios Loukas

Published: 3 April 2023

**Copyright:** © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).

economic support. Some relevant industries exits in Aguilar de Campoo, and the tourist companies around the Palentina Mountain [2].

**Figure 1.** (**a**) Las Loras UGGp in the North of Spain (Cantabrian Mountains). (**b**) Geological context (modified from Ref. [2]) highlighting the trace of the Ubierna Fault System (UFS) and the two areas differentiated as Burgalesa Platform and Folded Band. (**c**) Hydrogeological context: indication of the groundwater bodies recognized in the Ebro-Duero basin divide. (**d**) Stiff diagram of the main water samples obtaining in the field campaigns.

The Ubierna Fault is the main structure which divide Las Loras UGGp into two different domains. These domains correspond to two types of folded relief (Figure 1): (1) The Burgalesa Platform extends from the Ebro river to the Ubierna Fault, characterized by calcareous moors affected by a slight deformation. And (2) the Folded Band covers the area from the Ubierna Fault to the frontal thrust of the Cenozoic materials of the Duero basin, whose folds give name to the area, "loras".

The sedimentary materials of Las Loras UGGp is formed by an almost complete record from the Upper Triassic to the Paleogene [2]. The Keuper facies appears on the main faults acting as a detachment layer with high plasticity.

With regard to climate, Aguilar de Campoo (2009–2021) presents an average annual precipitation of 570 mm, with the temperature ranges between 27.08 ◦C in July 2013, and −4.66 ◦C in December 2009, being 9–11 ◦C the average annual temperature between 2009 and 2021.

Las Loras UGGp includes two rivers flowing into different seas: Duero, towards Atlantic Ocean; and Ebro, towards Mediterranean Sea. Within the second one, the most important rivers are the Lucio River, Rudrón River, Urbel River, and Odra and Brulles Rivers.

Hydrogeologically, the study area includes two adjoining groundwater bodies (GWBs): to the north, the Páramo de Sedano y Lora GWB, (Ebro); and, to the South, Quintanilla-Peñahorada-Lora GWB (Duero) (Figure 1d) [3].

### *2.2. Field Campaigns*

46 water samples were obtained from the field campaigns. Figure 1d show the Stiff diagram obtained for the most relevant samples for this research.

### *2.3. Review of Data Bases Information*

Different resources available at the IGME data bases were used to explore the existence of mineral paragenesis or mining or associated with metallogenetic deposits which could be associated to the Ubierna Fault through hydrotermal activity.

### *2.4. Water Samples*

Different field campaigns were conducted in 2021 and 2022. INAQUAS software [4] was used for the hydrochemical information analysis and graphical representation in hydrochemical diagrams.

#### *2.5. Compilation of Data and Intagration in a GIS*

Data were compiled from literature review, and data bases consulted from different sources.
