*2.3. Methods*

The methodology is divided into several stages, so the first consists of selecting the days with accumulated daily precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm, keeping only the days on which they occurred (RR).

$$\text{RR} \ge 1 \text{ mm} \tag{1}$$

The second step is equivalent to using the percentile 95 [8] in order to find the extreme precipitation measurement values (Q) for each station. Thus, this method was applied to the accumulated precipitation values of all days validated in the previous step.

After completing the first and second stages, the third intended to emphasize the days with precipitation that went beyond the Q value. For this purpose, only those days with daily accumulations greater than the Q value of the station were maintained. That's it:

$$\mathbb{R}\mathbb{R}\geq\mathbb{Q}\tag{2}$$

With the limits applied, these conditions were adopted as the definition of an EPIES for these days: it is considered an EPIES if, in a single hour, the accumulated precipitation rate (RI) represents more than 25% of the daily total with extreme rain. Thus, it is necessary to locate the hour with the highest precipitation value (max(RR)) for each day with extreme rain and calculate the percentage value of this record in relation to the daily accumulation:

$$\text{RI} = \text{(m.x} \ (\text{RR})/\text{RR}) \times 100, \text{EPIES} = \text{RI} \geq 25 \tag{3}$$

Finally, the occurrences of EPIES are counted, and the number of these events is analyzed from a temporal and spatial perspective, presenting them graphically with the support of Microsoft Office Excel.
