**4. Conclusions**

Pakistan is an agriculturally based struggling economy, and water plays an important role in the sustainable development of the nation. The increasing population of the country is creating an unbalance in the demand and supply of food and water, leading to an alarming challenge to food safety and security in the country. Currently, the country is facing severe water and food crises due to bad managemen<sup>t</sup> and governance over water resources. Technically weak policies, lack of water storage capacity, extreme climatic events due to climate change, and inter-provincial disputes have resulted in crucial conditions. Although the contribution of Pakistan to climate change is less than 1%, it is severely affected by cross-border pollution. The seasons shift with extreme temperature and precipitation events in the country. The summer season is prolonged, while the winter is shortened, leading to the generation of more excessive runoff than usual. The unavailability of water storage structures has resulted in the form of water wastage in the Arabian sea, causing floods. The recent floods of 2022 are an example of vulnerability due to climate change. Appropriate reforms for water and food policies are needed at this time, and will be achieved by developing water reservoirs with efficient distribution and application of water, i.e., drip and sprinkler irrigation, which will ensure sustainable agriculture and development of the country.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, S.M.Z., M.A.S. and M.A.M.; methodology, S.M.Z. and M.A.M.; software, S.M.Z.; validation, S.M.Z., M.A.M. and M.Z.; formal analysis, S.M.Z.; investigation, M.A.S.; writing—original draft preparation, S.M.Z. and M.A.M.; writing—review and editing, M.I.; visualization, S.A. and F.H., supervision, M.A.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The data (extreme climate change events) used in this study are publicly available at [11,12].

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
