**Effects of S and Mineral Elements (Ca, Al, Si and Fe) on Thermochemical Behaviors of Zn during Co-Pyrolysis of Coal and Waste Tire: A Combined Experimental and Thermodynamic Simulation Study**

**Yaxin Lan 1, Shuangling Jin 1,\*, Jitong Wang 2, Xiaorui Wang 1, Rui Zhang 1, Licheng Ling <sup>2</sup> and Minglin Jin 1,\***

<sup>1</sup> School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China

<sup>2</sup> State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

**\*** Correspondence: jinshuangling@sit.edu.cn (S.J.); jml@sit.edu.cn (M.J.)

**Abstract:** The transformation behaviors of Zn during co-pyrolysis of waste tires and coal were studied in a fixed-bed reaction system. The effects of pyrolysis temperature and the Zn content of coal mixture on the Zn distributions in the pyrolytic products (coke, tar and gas) were investigated in detail. It is found that the relative percentages of Zn in the pyrolytic products are closely related to the contents of S and mineral elements (Ca, Al, Si and Fe) in the coal. The thermodynamic equilibrium simulations conducted using FactSage 8.0 show that S, Al and Si can interact with Zn to inhibit the volatilization of Zn from coke. The reaction sequence with Zn is S > Al > Si, and the thermal stability of products is in the order of ZnS > ZnAl2O4 > Zn2SiO4. These results provide insights into the migration characteristics of Zn during co-pyrolysis of coal and waste tires, which is vital to the prevention and control of Zn emissions to reduce the environmental burden.

**Keywords:** coal; waste tire; co-pyrolysis; Zn; thermochemical behaviors
