*2.2. Information Sources*

Searches were conducted until 6 July 2022, in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science literature databases, as well as in the Proceedings Books of the Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming Symposia (no filters were applied). After the automated searches, the reference lists of the included studies were screened and prospective snowballing citation tracking was performed in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Two external experts (holding a PhD in Sport Sciences and having considerable published research on the topic) were consulted to provide further suggestions of potentially relevant studies. Included studies' errata, corrections, corrigenda and retractions were sought [46].

The International Symposia for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming have been held every four years since 1970 and are considered the most prestigious international aquatic-oriented scientific congresses. These meetings have provided the swimming science community with some of the most outstanding contributions books and collections (Available at https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/ accessed on 6 July 2022), as sought and valuable as some of the available studies published in high-impact, peerreviewed journals. All submissions go through a peer review process, leading to a collection of peer-reviewed scientific papers, serving as a valuable resource for all who are interested in keeping up to date with aquatic research. Relevant pioneering works were published in the 13 editions of the Symposium, adding relevant information to the current review.

#### *2.3. Search Strategy*

The general search strategy used free text terms applied to the title or abstracts: swim\* AND intracycl\* OR "intra-cycl\*" OR IVV AND velocity OR speed\* OR accelera\* OR quick\*. The full search strategy for each database is shown in Table 1.


**Table 1.** Full search strategies for PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming Symposia.
