*2.1. General Cell Culture*

The JAR human choriocarcinoma cell line (TCHu156 ATCC) was maintained in RPMI 1640 medium (Hyclone) at 37 ◦C under 5% CO<sup>2</sup> in incubator. The culture media was supplemented with 10% (*v*/*v*) fetal bovine serum (FBS, SERANA), 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 units/mL streptomycin.
