*2.3. Numerical Method*

In order to understand the structural behaviors and obtain the rational distributions of the displacement transducers, three-dimensional FE models of the exterior walls were built in Abaqus software, consisting of masonry assembly, window frame made of rock, steel reinforcing beams, and block stone fillers (shown in Figure 5). Due to the same geometric structure of the east and west walls, only the west wall was simulated in this paper; half of the north wall was built considering its symmetric geometric structure. Based on computational efficiency, the masonry assembly was regarded as an isotropic composite material, and it followed a nonlinear elastic–plastic constitutive relation [25], which is described by the embedded Concrete Smeared Cracking (CSC) model in Abaqus. The used CSC model, detailed by Lotfi and Shing [26,27], adopted a *J*2-plasticity model with nonlinear isotropic strain hardening and softening to demonstrate the mechanical behaviors of uncracked materials, and a nonlinear orthotropic model to describe the behaviors of cracked materials. The top structure of the studied FEA model was fully fixed, and an incremental displacement loading was applied at the bottom to simulate the deformation during monolithic moving. The basic mechanical parameters of the exterior walls are listed in Table S1.

**Figure 5.** FE models of exterior walls: (**a**) west side, (**b**) north side, and (**c**) south side.

#### **3. Results and Discussion**

#### *3.1. Inclination*

The near-zero data of the angular variations, collected from all inclinometer sensors, can be found in this case, which indicate that the inclination of the timber column and masonry wall was negligibly small during the complete monolithic movement process. Figure 6 takes the W01 and W02 inclinometers as the typical examples, which are installed on the west wall at 1.5 m above the first-floor ground. Each anchorage point could provide two datasets along east–west (E–W) and south–north (S–N) directions, respectively. Whether moving to the west or north, the inclination angle changed from approximately −0.0025 to 0.0025 degree in both the E–W and S–N directions. It can be deduced that the monolithic movement of the heritage curtilage is expected to realize the aspect of almost negligible inclination.

**Figure 6.** The obtained inclination angle: (**a**) W01 and (**b**) W02 during westward movement; (**c**) W01 and (**d**) W02 during northward movement.
