*2.2. Monolithic Movement Monitoring Scheme Based on the WSN System*

The proposed WSN formed a data collection network of sensors, which were driven by the power supply to serve a specific target-oriented application. The real-time monitoring for the monolithic movement of the heritage curtilage consisted of the parameters of measurements such as cracks, strain, and deformation, thereby obtaining the structural response. Figure 3 presents the four kinds of sensor nodes used in this paper: (1) inclinometer (XKKJQJ-77, ±15◦, 0.01◦), showing the inclinations of the timber column and masonry wall; (2) displacement transducer (XKKJZX-2109, 0–20 mm, 0.1%F.S/0.5%F.S), monitoring the crack behaviors of the masonry walls and the masonry–timber connections; (3) series inclinometer (XKKJWY-5675, ±30◦, 0.015◦), to reveal the deformation of the steel beam at the bottom of the masonry wall; (4) strain gauge (XKKJZX-212, 3000 με, ≤0.5%F.S.), attached to the steel chassis to obtain their strain variations. It is noted that the first item in the above brackets is the sensor type, the second is the measuring range, and the third is the precision.

**Figure 3.** Four kinds of sensor nodes used: (**a**) inclinometer, (**b**) displacement transducer, (**c**) series inclinometer, and (**d**) strain gauge.

Figure 4 demonstrates the WSN system schematic to collect and observe the monitoring data in real-time and remotely. Taking displacement transducers as an example for simplicity in Figure 4a, the sensor nodes were deployed on the primary locations. The corresponding acquisition devices received processed data from the sensor nodes and transmitted these data to a cloud platform within the monitoring server (Figure 4b) via wireless remote communication (3G/4G/GPRS). Then, all the data could be accessed directly at preferred times with a personal computer (Figure 4c), mobile phone, or other wireless communication in locations where internet access is available.

**Figure 4.** The WSN system schematic: (**a**) sensors (pointed with yellow arrows) and the corresponding acquisition devices (pointed with green arrows); (**b**) monitoring server; (**c**) wireless communication.
