*Article* **A PROMETHEE Multiple-Criteria Approach to Combined Seismic and Flood Risk Assessment at the Regional Scale**

**Arianna Soldati <sup>1</sup> , Andrea Chiozzi <sup>2</sup> , Željana Nikoli´c <sup>3</sup> , Carmela Vaccaro 2,4 and Elena Benvenuti 1,\***


**Abstract:** Social vulnerability is deeply affected by the increase in hazardous events such as earthquakes and floods. Such hazards have the potential to greatly affect communities, including in developed countries. Governments and stakeholders must adopt suitable risk reduction strategies. This study is aimed at proposing a qualitative multi-hazard risk analysis methodology in the case of combined seismic and flood risk using PROMETHEE, a Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis technique. The present case study is a multi-hazard risk assessment of the Ferrara province (Italy). The proposed approach is an original and flexible methodology to qualitatively prioritize urban centers affected by multi-hazard risks at the regional scale. It delivers a useful tool to stakeholders involved in the processes of hazard management and disaster mitigation.

**Keywords:** risk assessment; multi hazard; seismic risk; flood risk; multiple-criteria decision analysis; PROMETHEE algorithm
