*3.4. T Lymphocyte Maturation*

To examine the abnormalities in T cell maturation, we delineated CD4+ and CD8+ cells. RTE CD4+ and naïve CD4+ T cell percentages were significantly reduced in CVID-C patients compared to that in HCs. The proportion of effector memory CD45RO+ CD197- CD4+ T cells significantly increased in CVID-C compared to the HCs. The RTE CD8+ T cell proportion was low in CVID-C and differed significantly from SLE (the highest proportion) and HCs. Naïve CD8+ T cell counts were significantly reduced in patients with CVID-C compared to HCs. The proportion of effector memory CD8+ T cells was similar in the

CVID and HC groups. The proportion of effector memory CD8+ T cells was the lowest in the SLE group and significantly differed from CVID-C (Table 4, Figure 5). The proportions for the T lymphocyte maturation of each patient with CVID-C, CVID-OI, and SLE and HCs are presented on heat maps (Figure 6).

**Table 4.** Differences in the proportions of T lymphocytes maturation between (a) the CVID with complicated phenotype (CVID-C) group, (b) CVID phenotype limited to only infections (CVID-OI group), (c) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and (d) healthy controls (HCs). Data expressed as median (Q1–Q3), \* *p* < 0.05. ANOVA: analysis of variance, Post Hoc: post hoc analysis tests.


**Figure 5.** Differences in the proportions of T lymphocyte maturation between CVID with complicated phenotype (CVID-C) group, CVID phenotype limited to only infections (CVID-OI group), patients with SLE, and healthy controls (HCs). Data expressed as median (Q1–Q3), \* *p* < 0.05.

**Figure 6.** The proportions of T lymphocyte maturation for each patient with CVID with complicated phenotype (CVID-C) group, CVID phenotype limited to only infections (CVID-OI group), patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and healthy controls (HCs). Data expressed as a median percentage (%).
