**5. Conclusions**

In this paper, considering the combination of distribution and production, the study of the integrated scheduling problem of AS/RS and hybrid flowshop is conducted to establish an integrated scheduling optimization model with the bi-objective of minimizing the total operation time and makespan. A mixed optimization algorithm of GA-MBO combining the global optimization performance and search capability of GA with a strong local search ability of the MBO algorithm is proposed to improve the efficiency and robustness of the algorithm solution.

In a simulation case of an AS/RS with 5400 storage locations, the model and algorithm of repeat experiments were verified by a comparison of commonly intelligent algorithms with GA-MBO. The experimental results of IGA, IPSO, and GA-PSO show that the average promotions of efficiencies are 9.48%, 19.53%, and 5.12% and the average promotions of robustness are 35.16%, 54.42%, and 39.38%, correspondingly. Comparative analysis of the bi-objective verified the superiority of integrated scheduling optimization. This verification helps to coordinate the scheduling in warehouse distribution and workshop production to reduce distribution costs. The gap in the integrated scheduling optimization of AS/RS and the hybrid flowshop is filled.

At present, the rapid development of intelligent warehousing systems makes the AS/RS and hybrid flowshop closely connected. The integrated scheduling optimization problem of the AS/RS and hybrid flowshop is one of the problems in the integrated AR/RS and hybrid flowshop, which should be solved to build a complete intelligent factory, and it is a critical problem facing the intelligent factory. The collaboration between machines and between the AS/RS and hybrid flowshop are hard to realize, and the system cannot be actually used in the research [29].

The devices have the effect factors of energy consumption, delivery waste, machine handling time, and maintenance when operated in the AS/RS and hybrid flowshop. In the future, a corresponding optimization model in the scheduling problem should be established by introducing factors that further conform to the real production situation. In addition, different structures of AS/RS and hybrid flowshop as well as different types and numbers of AGVs and cranes may also be researched to adapt the development of the flexible manufacturing workshop and enhance the efficiency.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, J.L.; Data curation, L.X.; Formal analysis, L.X.; Funding acquisition, Y.S.; Investigation, Y.S.; Methodology, L.X.; Project administration, J.L.; Resources, J.L.; Software, J.J.; Supervision, J.L.; Validation, J.L.; Visualization, J.J.; Writing—original draft, L.X.; Writing—review & editing, Y.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the Zhejiang Science and Technology Plan Project, gran<sup>t</sup> number 2018C01003, the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, gran<sup>t</sup> number LQ22E050017, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, gran<sup>t</sup> number 2021M702894, and the Zhejiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation, gran<sup>t</sup> number ZJ2021119.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
