**8. Conclusions**

Although the induction of ICD has not been rationally used as a clinical treatment modality, it has potential for being exploited as an immunotherapy tool. The recent advances in immunotherapy have opened new fronts and possibilities in the fight against melanoma, for instance, with prolonged survival and durable responses in many patients. Studies on the immune evasion strategies deployed by tumors, as well as on the mechanisms underlying the activation of immune cells against abnormal host cells, can help to develop new weapons against cancer. The current knowledge allows us to suggest that the induction of ICD combined with other immunotherapeutic strategies, such as immune checkpoint blockade, can be explored to treat cancer. However, barriers such as the lack of standardization of ICD detection in clinical patients, as well as the need for more personalized protocols based on the detailed characterization of the tumor cells, have to be overcome to translate experimental protocols into the clinic.

**Funding:** This work was funded by the Brazilian agencies FAP-DF/Brazil (00193.00001053/2021-24), CNPq (403536/2021-9) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
