**5. Conclusions**

The impact of the nanolayer on the thermal conductivity of the hybrid nanofluid flow via porous surfaces is presented in this paper. In terms of shear stress, heat transfer rate, and mass transfer rate, numerical and graphical results were achieved.


**Author Contributions:** Data curation, A.R.; Formal analysis, M.F.; Funding acquisition, W.W.; Methodology, Q.R.; Software, B.A.; Validation, W.W.; Writing—original draft, M.Z.A.Q.; Writing review & editing, N.A.S.; M.Z.A.Q. and N.A.S. contributed equally to this work and are co-first authors. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received funding support from the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, (grant number B05F650018).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The numerical data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
