*2.3. Environment Variables*

### 2.3.1. Climate Data

The data used for climate assessment were downloaded from the WorldClim global climate database [23] (http://www.worldclim.org, accessed on 15 November 2021).

Current climate data included 19 Bioclimatic variables with 30" spatial resolution during 1970–2000 [24], which reflect temperature and precipitation.

Future Bioclimatic data were obtained from BCC\_CSM1.1 (Beijing Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China) global circulation model) [8]), which is available for predicting the global climate response to increasing greenhouse gas concentration [22]). Bioclimatic data (at 2.5 spatial resolution) for four scenarios of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) provided by the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) were used for modeling [25]). Each SSP includes scenarios of SSP2.6, SSP4.5, SSP7.0, SSP8.5, and analyses the spatial and temporal changes of the annual temperature and precipitation during 2021–2100 [26]). The future climate variables were resampled to the same spatial resolution with current data using ArcGIS 10.7 [27]).

### 2.3.2. Topographic Data

The DEM data with a cell size of 90 m × 90 m were downloaded from the WIST geodatabase of NASA (http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/, accessed on 15 November 2021). The variables of slope, aspect and elevation were derived from DEM using ArcGIS 10.7.
