*Review* **The Potential Modulatory Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Redox Status in Chronic Kidney Disease**

**Sara Mendes <sup>1</sup> , Diogo V. Leal <sup>1</sup> , Luke A. Baker <sup>2</sup> , Aníbal Ferreira 3,4, Alice C. Smith <sup>2</sup> and João L. Viana 1,\***


**Abstract:** Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health burden with high mortality and health costs. CKD patients exhibit lower cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, strongly associated with morbidity/mortality, which is exacerbated when they reach the need for renal replacement therapies (RRT). Muscle wasting in CKD has been associated with an inflammatory/oxidative status affecting the resident cells' microenvironment, decreasing repair capacity and leading to atrophy. Exercise may help counteracting such effects; however, the molecular mechanisms remain uncertain. Thus, trying to pinpoint and understand these mechanisms is of particular interest. This review will start with a general background about myogenesis, followed by an overview of the impact of redox imbalance as a mechanism of muscle wasting in CKD, with focus on the modulatory effect of exercise on the skeletal muscle microenvironment.

**Keywords:** chronic kidney disease; skeletal muscle wasting; reactive oxygen species (ROS); oxidative stress; exercise
