*2.3. GH Improves Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue Energy Homeostasis in CKD Mice*

For the rest of the investigation, gastrocnemius, WAT, and BAT tissue from the dietrestrictive study were used. We studied the effects of GH on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue energy homeostasis in CKD mice. Protein content of UCPs in gastrocnemius as well as in WAT and BAT was significantly higher in vehicle-treated CKD mice (Figure 2A,C,E). Inversely, ATP content in gastrocnemius, WAT, and BAT was significantly lower in vehicletreated CKD mice (Figure 2B,D,F). GH decreased UCPs but increased ATP content in muscle and adipose tissue in CKD mice.

**Figure 2.** GH enhances energy balance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Measurements were made of the UCP (**A**,**C**,**E**) and ATP contents (**B**,**D**,**F**) in gastrocnemius, WAT, and BAT. CKD mice were fed ad libitum, whereas other mouse groups received an energy intake amount equal to that of CKD + Vehicle mice. Comparisons were made between the outcomes of Sham + GH (10 mg/kg/day) mice and Sham + Vehicle mice, as well as between the outcomes of CKD + GH (10 mg/kg/day) mice and CKD + Vehicle mice. Additionally, the outcomes of the CKD + Vehicle and CKD + GH (10 mg/kg/day) mice were contrasted with those of the Sham + Vehicle mice. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. For comparison of the means between two groups, data were analyzed by Student's 2-tailed *t*-test. Posthoc analysis was performed with Tukey's test. Specific *p*-values are shown above the bar. ns signifies not significant, \* *p* < 0.05, \*\* *p* < 0.01.
