*3.1. Study Site*

The system developed for this study was tested in an experimental field located in Madrid, Spain (40◦18 45.166, −3◦28 51.096). The climate of the study site is classified as a hot summer Mediterranean climate with an average annual temperature of 14.3 ◦C and precipitation of 473 mm.

The experimental field consisted of two areas of 60 × 20 m<sup>2</sup> that grew wheat (*Triticum aestivum* L.), with crop rows at a distance of 0.10 m, and maize (*Zea mays* L.), with crop rows at a distance of 0.50 m, respectively. Each area was divided into three sections of <sup>20</sup> × 20 m2. The sections in one area were seeded in consecutive weeks, allowing us to conduct experiments in three-week windows. Figure 6 shows the experimental field and the distribution of the areas and sections.
