**3. Second Workshop Methodology**

For the first development iteration of the enhanced AMA, a first workshop was conducted and described in Reference [12], where the conceptional design of a search and rescue aircraft was studied. The current article discusses the conduction and results of a second workshop which aimed to consider the lessons learned and test new ideas. The following subsections will reveal major aspects related to the workshop, namely use case definition, developed methodology, questionnaire design, data post-processing, and results analysis.

### *3.1. Airfoil Morphing and Integration—Use Case Definition and Morphological Matrix*

In this context, the conceptual design of a subsystem was conducted for the purpose of selection and integration of wing morphing technologies. Firstly, this is a representative use case to demonstrate the current methodology state on innovative technologies. Secondly, the subject reflects the demand for future work on morphing wings technologies as stated at an earlier project stage in Reference [3].

The use case focuses on two main aspects: the geometric shape modification and the morphing technology to implement it. These were defined in a MM as three attributes with their corresponding implementation possibilities (Figure 3). The morphing mode selected in the current work represents the modification of the cross-section wing geometry, denoted here as "airfoil morphing". The selected responses (first attribute in the MM) are the deformation solely of the trailing edge, of both the trailing and leading edge or the deformation of the entire airfoil geometry. The next questions that arises is the positioning of the morphable airfoil sections on the wing. Therefore, the second attribute allows to select possible wing sections for morphing, namely an area near the wingtips, near the wing root or the whole wing. For the third attribute, a research yielded the following technologies studied for the purpose of airfoil morphing:


**Figure 3.** Morphological matrix for the conceptual design of wing morphing architectures.

• Mechanical extension—these are mechanical devices which extend the trailing and/or leading edge of the airfoil [44]. In this context, solely the concepts of conventional flaps and slats are considered, serving as an existing reference option.


Such a definition of the MM by no means aims to represent an exhaustive outline of all possible morphing technologies or their integration, neither to support a complete design process. As previously mentioned, the main target of the second workshop is to test the enhanced AMA methodology and the evaluation of perspective technologies with scarce test data.
