*2.4. Economic Aspect*

In addition to the environmental and conservation benefits, switching from fossil fuels to sustainably produced fuels is also financially attractive for airports, airlines and travellers. The results of several studies indicate a reduction in fuel costs ranging from 15% to 40%, depending on the study assumptions. The results of a recent Swedish study [19] show the total costs for routes and aircraft in Table 3 below in euros (EUR). Table 3 shows that costs increase with distance. Previous studies concluded that the operating costs of electric aircraft are between 30 and 40% lower. In contrast to the previous study, the table shows the difference between the conventional Jetstream JS31 (19 PAX) aircraft and the Swedish ES-19 (19PAX) aircraft. The difference is between 15 and 22% per route.


**Table 3.** Total emission cost comparison of two aircrafts according to [19].

Combining the cost difference from Table 3 with other data from the literature in Table 4 and internal information from RTHA, costs can be estimated and determined for the HEA and are listed in Table 4.


**Table 4.** Cost estimation for HEA emissions.

Based on the fundamental literature research on the costs of the individual energy parameters and carbon tax for the HEA aircraft, an estimate can be made for future typical mission (200 nmi) and design mission (600 nmi) flights. For now, only the lower energy requirements for the different scenarios were used in these cost estimates. Fuel costs and landing fees account for 30% of the ticket price. For this reason, the fuel cost is calculated on the price per kilometre. Then, the fuel saving per kilometre can be calculated on an aircraft basis. Finally, ticket price savings can be calculated and stated on an aircraft basis, with 30% of the total ticket price.
