*Article* **Prediction of Capacity Regulations in Airspace Based on Timing and Air Traffic Situation**

**Francisco Pérez Moreno \*, Víctor Fernando Gómez Comendador , Raquel Delgado-Aguilera Jurado , María Zamarreño Suárez and Rosa María Arnaldo Valdés**

> Department of Aerospace Systems, Air Transport and Airports, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 8040 Madrid, Spain

**\*** Correspondence: francisco.perez.moreno@upm.es; Tel.: +34-640-37-02-40

**Abstract:** The Air Traffic Control (ATC) system suffers from an ever-increasing demand for aircraft, leading to capacity issues. For this reason, airspace is regulated by limiting the entry of aircraft into the airspace. Knowledge of these regulations before they occur would allow the ATC system to be aware of conflicting areas of the airspace, and to manage both its human and technological resources to lessen the effect of the expected regulations. Therefore, this paper develops a methodology in which the final result is a machine learning model that allows predicting capacity regulations. Predictions shall be based mainly on historical data, but also on the traffic situation at the time of the prediction. The results of tests of the model in a sector of Spanish airspace are satisfactory. In addition to testing the model results, special emphasis is placed on the explainability of the model. This explainability will help to understand the basis of the predictions and validate them from an operational point of view. The main conclusion after testing the model is that this model works well. Therefore, it is possible to predict when an ATC sector will be regulated or not based mainly on historical data.

**Keywords:** ATFCM Regulations; machine learning; air traffic; historical data; explainability
