*4.2. Model Calibration*

The displacement distribution, the trapezoidal thrust load-pile top lateral displacement curve, and the bending moment distribution of the test pile were applied to verify the rationality of the numerical model developed in Section 4.1. The calibrated trapezoidal load was the representative load in the whole loading process of the cantilever anti-slide piles (Stage I~Stage III), which were 6 kN, 9 kN, 16.2 kN, 34.2 kN, 37.8 kN, and 40.2 kN, respectively. Figure 23a,b, respectively, show the pile lateral displacement distribution and the evolution process of the pile top lateral displacement under external trapezoidal load. It is clear that the lateral displacement distribution and the trapezoidal thrust loadpile top lateral displacement curve of the model pile calculated by ABAQUS are in good agreement with the experimental values. It can be concluded from Figure 23b that the crack

distribution and failure form of the model pile are basically consistent with those of the test pile. The comparison results of bending moment distribution under trapezoidal load are shown in Figure 23c. It is clear that the bending moment distributions under different levels of trapezoidal thrust load were unimodal, and the evolution process was consistent with the test pile. The above comparison results comprehensively verify the rationality of the numerical model of the cantilever anti-slide pile built in Section 4.1.

**Figure 22.** Three-dimensional numerical model and loading diagram of model pile.
