**4. Simulation Studies**

The following simulation sets are designed to explore the bias when estimating both the DCP based on the Kullback–Leibler discrepancy (KLDCP) and the expected value of the KLD. We present different hypothesis testing scenarios, not all of which are conventional, under a linear data-generating model and for varying sample sizes. Each setting exhibits three different approaches to formulating the BD: adding the bootstrap-based correction (BDb), adding *k* (BDk), and leaving the estimator uncorrected.
