*Review* **Beneficial Microorganisms Improve Agricultural Sustainability under Climatic Extremes**

**Arshad Jalal 1, Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira 1, Poliana Aparecida Leonel Rosa 1, Fernando Shintate Galindo <sup>2</sup> and Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho 1,\***


**Abstract:** The challenging alterations in climate in the last decades have had direct and indirect influences on biotic and abiotic stresses that have led to devastating implications on agricultural crop production and food security. Extreme environmental conditions, such as abiotic stresses, offer great opportunities to study the influence of different microorganisms in plant development and agricultural productivity. The focus of this review is to highlight the mechanisms of plant growthpromoting microorganisms (especially bacteria and fungi) adapted to environmental induced stresses such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, flooding, extreme temperatures, and intense light. The present state of knowledge focuses on the potential, prospective, and biotechnological approaches of plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi to improve plant nutrition, physio-biochemical attributes, and the fitness of plants under environmental stresses. The current review focuses on the importance of the microbial community in improving sustainable crop production under changing climatic scenarios.

**Keywords:** PGPBs; abiotic stresses; growth-promoting fungi; crop productivity; plant tolerance

Rosa, P.A.L.; Galindo, F.S.; Teixeira

Filho, M.C.M. Beneficial Microorganisms Improve Agricultural Sustainability under Climatic Extremes. *Life* **2023**, *13*, 1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ life13051102

**Citation:** Jalal, A.; Oliveira, C.E.d.S.;

Academic Editors: Wajid Zaman and Hakim Manghwar

Received: 26 February 2023 Revised: 8 April 2023 Accepted: 24 April 2023 Published: 28 April 2023

**Copyright:** © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
