**5. Conclusions**

This study investigates the positive role of organic acids in alleviating abiotic stress conditions, which that can be beneficial for improving the performance of faba bean plants to increase the productivity of land area units. It was found that the uses of these phenolic materials not only eliminate the pathogens but also improve the characteristics of the plant to resist diseases (Chocolate spot disease). Whereas among abiotic inducers, salicylic acid at the concentration (5 mM) gave the highest reduction (control chocolate spot disease) through the two seasons respectively. This research will assist the researcher in uncovering crucial regions of secondary metabolites defense causative agents of plants against abiotic stress that many researchers have yet to investigate.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, R.M.A. and T.O.R.; data curation, S.A.E.-S., A.A.R., A.I.E. and A.B.; formal analysis, A.B. and T.O.R.; funding acquisition, T.O.R. and A.M.E.-T.; investigation, R.M.A. and A.A.R.; methodology, A.M.E.-T., S.A.E.-S. and A.I.E.; project administration, T.O.R. and A.B.; resources, R.M.A. and A.A.R.; software, A.I.E., S.A.E.-S. and A.M.E.-T.; supervision, T.O.R. and A.B.; validation, R.M.A. and A.A.R.; visualization, A.M.E.-T. and S.A.E.-S.; writing—original draft, R.M.A. and A.M.E.-T.; writing—review and editing, T.O.R. and A.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** Partial support is provided to T.O.R. by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, CSREES, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES), under Project MAS00045.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Data will be made available with a reasonable request to the corresponding authors.

**Acknowledgments:** We thank Emad A. Mady at the University of Massachusetts for reviewing and providing valuable comments on the manuscript. We also thank Mohamed F.M. Ibrahim at Ain Shams University for reading and commenting on the manuscript's original version.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

#### **References**


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